Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: reu̯ə- : rū-   'to ream, open; wide, roomy'

Semantic Field(s): to Open, Wide, Broad

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: rēman vb to ream W7
rūm adj roomy LRC
rūm n.masc room; time ASD
rȳman vb.wk to make room ASD
Middle English: remen vb to open up W7
room n room W7
rural adj rural W7
rustik adj rustic W7
English: lebensraum n lit. living space AHD/W7
ream vb.trans to countersink, widen opening of AHD/W7
room n space, unoccupied area AHD/W7
roomy adj open, spacious LRC
rummage n thorough search AHD/W7
rural adj re: country (life/people), agriculture AHD/W7
rustic adj rural, re: countryside AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Old Frisian: rēma vb to make room ASD
rūm adj roomy ASD
Old Saxon: rūm n room ASD
rūmian vb to make room ASD
Old High German: rūm n room W7
rūmi adj roomy ASD
rūmman vb to make room ASD
German: Lebensraum n.masc lebensraum W7
Raum n.masc room, space W7
räumen vb to vacate, make room LRC
North Germanic  
Old Norse: rúm n.neut room; seat, bed LRC
Icelandic: rūmr adj roomy ASD
rȳma vb to make room; quit, leave ASD
Swedish: rum n room TLL
East Germanic  
Gothic: rūms adj roomy ASD
rūms n.str.masc room LRC
Italic  
Latin: ruralis adj rural W7
rūs, rūris n.neut countryside, open land W7
rusticus adj rustic W7
Middle French: arrimage n.masc packing/fastening tight W7
rural adj rural W7
rustique adj rustic W7
French: rue n street TLL

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
str=strong (inflection)
trans=transitive
vb=verb
wk=weak (inflection)

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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