Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 3. sē(i)-, səi- : sī-, and sei- : si- 'to bind, strap, tie'
Semantic Field(s): to Bind
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | seono, se(o)nu, si(o)nu, synu | n.fem | nerve, sinew | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | secular | adj | secular | W7 |
| sinewe | n | sinew | W7 | |
| English: | equisetum | n | lower tracheophyte (perennial plant) | AHD/W7 |
| poudesoy, paduasoy | n | rich corded silk fabric | AHD/W7 | |
| secular | adj | worldly, temporal | AHD/W7 | |
| seta | n | slender rigid/springy/bristly part of plant/animal | AHD/W7 | |
| setiferous | adj | bristly, having bristles/setae | AHD | |
| setigerous | adj | setiferous | AHD | |
| sinew | n | tendon | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | sin, sene, sini(e) | n | sinew | ASD |
| Dutch: | zenuw | n | nerve, sinew | TLL |
| Old High German: | senawa | n | sinew | W7 |
| German: | Sehne | n.fem | sinew | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | síða | vb | to bewitch, practice sorcery | LRC |
| Icelandic: | sin | n | sinew | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | equisaetum | n.neut | horsetail (plant) | W7 |
| saeculāris | adj | re: an age, lifetime, generation | W7 | |
| saeculum | n.neut | age, breed, generation | W7 | |
| s(a)eta | n.fem | seta, bristle | W7 | |
| saetiger | adj | setigerous | AHD/CLD | |
| Late Latin: | saecularis | adj | laic, secular | W7 |
| New Latin: | seta | n.fem | seta | W7 |
| Old French: | seculer | adj | laic, secular | W7 |
| French: | pou-de-soie | n.masc | poudesoy | R1/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| R1 | = | Josette Rey-Debove and Alain Rey, eds. Le Nouveau Petit Robert (1993) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
