Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: selk- 'to pull, drag; sulcus, furrow'
Semantic Field(s): to Draw, Pull, Furrow (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hulc | n.masc | hulk, light ship | W7 |
| seolh | n.masc | seal | ASD | |
| sul(u)h, sul(l) | n.fem | plow; arable land | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | hulke | n | hulk | W7 |
| sele | n | seal | W7 | |
| English: | felucca | n | narrow lateen-rigged sailing ship | AHD/W7 |
| hulk | n | heavy clumsy ship | AHD/W7 | |
| seal | n | carnivorous marine mammal | AHD/W7 | |
| sulcate | adj | grooved, scored with longitudinal furrows | AHD/W7 | |
| sulcus | n | groove, furrow | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Dutch: | hulke | n | hulk, light ship | ASD |
| Old High German: | holcho | n | hulk, light ship | ASD |
| selah, selan | n | seal | ASD/W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | selr | n | seal | ASD |
| Danish: | sæl | n | seal | TLL |
| Swedish: | säl | n | seal | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | sulcatus | vb.ptc | furrowed | W7 |
| sulco, sulcāre | vb | to furrow | W7 | |
| sulcus | n.masc | furrow | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | holcas | n.fem | heavy ship | W7 |
| Italian: | feluca | n.fem | felucca | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ἕλκω | vb | to draw, drag, tug | LRC |
| Greek: | holkos | n.masc | furrow | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
