Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: selp-   'salve, fat, butter'

Semantic Field(s): Butter

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: salf, sealf(e) n.fem salve RPN
Middle English: salfe, s(e)alve n salve CDC
English: quacksalver n quack, charlatan AHD/W7
salve n healing ointment AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Dutch: kwakzalver n quacksalver W7
zalf n salve CDC
Old Saxon: salƀa, salbha n salve CDC/RPN
Middle Low German: salve n salve CDC
Old High German: salb(a) n salve ASD/RPN
Middle High German: salbe n salve CDC
German: Quacksalber n.masc quacksalver LRC
Salbe n.fem salve LRC
North Germanic  
Danish: salve n salve CDC
Swedish: salfva n salve CDC
East Germanic  
Gothic: salbōn vb to anoint RPN
salbōns n salve RPN
Albanian  
Albanian: gjalpë n oil, butter RPN
Hellenic  
Greek: ἔλπος n butter RPN
ὄλπη n.fem (leather) oil flask RPN
ὄλπις n (leather) oil flask RPN
Indic  
Sanskrit: sarpíṣ- n ghee, clarified butter RPN
sṛprá-ḥ adj oily, slippery RPN
Tocharian  
Tocharian B: ṣalype n grease, ointment RPN
ṣalywe n grease, ointment RPN
Tocharian A: ṣälyp n grease, ointment RPN

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CDC=W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
RPN=Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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