Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 4. ser- 'to insert, line up, put/bind together'
Semantic Field(s): to Join, Unite, to Bind
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | consort | n | consort | W7 |
| sermon | n | sermon | W7 | |
| sort | n | sort | W7 | |
| English: | assert | vb.trans | to state/declare positively | AHD/W7 |
| assort | vb | to classify, distribute into groups of like kind | AHD/W7 | |
| consort | n | associate | AHD/W7 | |
| consort | n | conjunction, association | AHD/W7 | |
| desert | vb | to leave, withdraw from | AHD/W7 | |
| dissertate | vb.intrans | to dissert, discourse | AHD/W7 | |
| ensorcel(l) | vb | to bewitch/enchant, wrap/bind with thrown rope | AHD | |
| exert | vb.trans | to put forth (e.g. strength) | AHD/W7 | |
| exsert | vb.trans | to put/thrust out | AHD/W7 | |
| insert | vb | to put/thrust in | AHD/W7 | |
| sear | n | catch that holds weapon's hammer/release at cock | AHD/W7 | |
| series | n | number of things/events (of same class) one after another | AHD/W7 | |
| sermon | n | public religious discourse delivered in worship service | AHD/W7 | |
| serried | adj | pressed, crowded, compacted in regular lines | AHD/CDC | |
| sertularian | n | delicate branching hydriods | AHD/W7 | |
| sorcerer | n | wizard, one who practices sorcery | AHD/W7 | |
| sorcery | n | necromancy, use of evil spirit's power | W7 | |
| sort | n | kind, class, group defined by characteristic(s) in common | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | adserō, adserere | vb | to assert | CDC |
| asserō, asserere, asseruī, assertum | vb | to assert, affirm | W7 | |
| consors | adj | sharing a common lot | W7 | |
| desertus | vb.ptc | deserted | W7 | |
| dissertatus | vb.ptc | argued | W7 | |
| disserto, dissertare | vb | to argue, discuss | W7 | |
| dissertus | vb.ptc | examined | W7 | |
| exsero, exserere | vb | to thrust out | W7 | |
| exsertus | vb.ptc | thrust out | W7 | |
| insero, inserere | vb | to join in | W7 | |
| insertus | vb.ptc | joined, attached, inserted | W7 | |
| sera | n.fem | bar fastening door | W7 | |
| series | n.fem | chain, series | W7 | |
| sermo | n.masc | speech, conversation | W7 | |
| serō, serere | vb | to join together | W7 | |
| serta | n.fem | wreath, garland | W7 | |
| sertula | n.fem | small crown | W7 | |
| sertus | vb.ptc | joined | W7 | |
| sors, sortis | n.fem | lot, share, chance | W7 | |
| sortior, sortīrī | vb.dep | to allot, select, distribute, cast lots | CDC | |
| Late Latin: | deserto, desertāre | vb | to desert, abandon | W7 |
| sero, serāre | vb | to bolt, latch | W7 | |
| Middle Latin: | *assortare | vb | to allot, select, distribute, cast lots | CDC |
| Medieval Latin: | sermo, sermonis | n.masc | speech in church | W7 |
| sors, sortis | n.fem | chance, fortune | W7 | |
| New Latin: | Sertularia | n.fem | (genus name) | W7 |
| Spanish: | asortir | vb | to assort | CDC |
| Old French: | assorter | vb | to assort | CDC |
| sermon | n.masc | speech in church | W7 | |
| Middle French: | assortir | vb | to assort | W7 |
| consort | adj | re: associate, one who shares | W7 | |
| serre | n.fem | claws of eagles/falcons | W7 | |
| serrer | vb | to press, grasp | W7 | |
| sorte | n.fem | sort | W7 | |
| French: | assortier | vb | to assort | CDC |
| déserter | vb | to desert, abandon | W7 | |
| Old Italian: | assortare | vb | to assort | CDC |
| Italian: | assortire | vb | to assort | CDC |
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Lithuanian: | sėris | n | (cobbler's) thread | RPN |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | εἴρω | vb | to string together in rows | RPN |
| ἕρμα | n | band, noose, earring; snake coils | RPN | |
| ὅρμος | n.masc | chain, necklace | LRC | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | sará-ḥ | n | cord, string | RPN |
| sarat | n | thread | RPN | |
| sirā́ | n | vein, nerve, tendon | RPN | |
| Prakrit: | sarā | n | string, garland, necklace | RPN |
| sirā | n | vein, sinew | RPN | |
| Oriya: | sarā | n | string (of garlands, etc.) | RPN |
| sari | n | string (of garlands, etc.) | RPN | |
| sira | n | vein, artery | RPN | |
| sirāḷa | adj | having conspicuous veins | RPN | |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian A: | sar- | n | vein | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dep | = | deponent |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |