Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: (s)lī- : sləi-, or slōi-, slī-u̯o- 'livid, bluish'
Semantic Field(s): Blue
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | slāh, slā(g) | n.fem | sloe | ASD/IEW |
| slāh-hyll | n.masc/fem | hill where sloe grows | ASD | |
| slāh-þorn | n.masc | blackthorn, lit. sloe-thorn | ASD | |
| Middle English: | lavendre | n | lavender | W7 |
| slo | n | sloe | W7 | |
| Slocombe | prop.n | Slocum | LRC | |
| English: | lavender | n | Mediterranean mint | AHD/W7 |
| livid | adj | black-and-blue, discolored by bruising | AHD/W7 | |
| slivovitz | n | sloe/plum brandy | AHD/W7 | |
| Slocum | prop.n | surname, lit. Plum Valley | LRC | |
| sloe | n | blackthorn: wild plum | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old High German: | slē(h)a | n | sloe | ASD |
| German: | Lavendel | n.masc | lavender | LRC |
| Schlehe | n | sloe | ASD | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | slaaen | n | sloe | ASD |
| slaaentorn | n | blackthorn, lit. sloe-thorn | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | liveo, livēre | vb | to be blue | W7 |
| lividus | adj | pale, blue, jealous | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | lavandula | n.fem | lavender | W7 |
| Anglo-French: | lavendre | n.fem | lavender | W7 |
| French: | livide | adj | pale | W7 |
| Slavic | ||||
| Serbo-Croatian: | sl(j)iva | n | sloe, plum | W7 |
| sljivovica | n | slivovitz | W7 | |
| Russian: | sliva | n | sloe, plum | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
