Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: srīg-, srīgos- 'cold, frost'
Semantic Field(s): Cold, Frigid, Ice, Frost
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | frigid | adj | intensely cold | AHD/W7 |
| frisson | n | thrill, shudder | AHD/W7 | |
| refrigerate | vb.trans | to make/keep cold/cool | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | frīgeō, frīgēre | vb | to be cold | W7 |
| frīgerō, frīgerāre | vb | to cool | W7 | |
| frigidus | adj | cold, frigid | W7 | |
| frigus, frigoris | n.neut | frost, cold | LRC | |
| refrigeratus | vb.ptc | refrigerated | W7 | |
| refrigero, refrigerare | vb | to refrigerate, make cold (again) | W7 | |
| Portuguese: | frio | adj | cold, frigid | TLL |
| Spanish: | frio | adj | cold, frigid | TLL |
| French: | frisson | n.masc | frisson, shiver | W7 |
| froid | adj | cold, frigid | TLL | |
| Italian: | freddo | adj | cold, frigid | TLL |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ῥῑγέω | vb | to shudder with cold/fear | LRC |
| ῥῖγος | n.neut | frost, cold | LRC | |
| ῥῑγόω | vb | to be cold | LRC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
