Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 8. (s)ter- 'dung, stercory, dirty water; to rot, befoul'
Semantic Field(s): to Void Excrement; Dung, Excrement, Dirty, Soiled, to Spoil
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Breton: | troaz | n | urine | IEW |
| Welsh: | trwnc | n | urine; dregs, sediment | IEW |
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | stercorye | n | stercory | OED |
| English: | dre(c)k | n | junk, trash, rubbish | W9 |
| stercoraceous | adj | re: dung | AHD/W7 | |
| stercoral | adj | re: dung | OED | |
| stercoricolous | adj | living in dung | W7 | |
| stercory | n.obs | filth, dung, excrement | OED | |
| stercovorous | adj | scatophagous, lit. dung-eating | W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle High German: | drec | n | dung, excrement | W9 |
| German: | Dreck | n.masc | mud, mire, dirt, filth; dung, excrement | W9 |
| Yiddish: | drek | n | dreck; dung, excrement | W9 |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | stercus, stercoris | n.neut | manure, stercory | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| obs | = | obsolete |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
| W9 | = | Webster's Ninth New Collegiate Dictionary (1983) |
