Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: stomen- 'mouth, stoma'
Semantic Field(s): Mouth
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Middle Breton: | staffu | n | mouth | W7 |
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | stomak | n | stomach | W7 |
| English: | anastomosis | n | inosculation, union of parts/branches for intercommunication | AHD/W7 |
| ancylostomiasis | n | (disease caused by) hookworm infestation | AHD/W7 | |
| ozostomia | n | halitosis, foul-smelling breath | AHD | |
| prostomium | n | portion of head of worm/mollusk in front of mouth | AHD/W7 | |
| scyphistoma | n | sexually produced scyphozoan larva | AHD/W7 | |
| stoma | n | small opening like mouth in form/function | AHD/W7 | |
| stomach | n | dilatation in vertebrate alimentary canal | AHD/W7 | |
| stomatous | adj | re: stoma | AHD | |
| -stomy | n.sfx | surgical operation establishing permanent opening | AHD/W7 | |
| xerostomia | n | (abnormal) dryness of mouth | AHD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | scyphus | n.masc | cup | W7 |
| stomachus | n.masc | stomach, gullet, esophagus | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | anastomosis | n.fem | providing with an outlet | W7 |
| New Latin: | Ancylostoma | n.fem | genus of hookworms | W7 |
| ancylostomiasis | n.fem | ancylostomiasis | W7 | |
| prostomium | n.neut | prostomium | W7 | |
| scyphistoma | n.fem | scyphistoma | W7 | |
| stoma, stomatis | n.fem | mouth | W7 | |
| Spanish: | estomago | n | stomach | TLL |
| Middle French: | estomac | n.masc | stomach | W7 |
| French: | estomac | n | stomach | TLL |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | στόμα | n.neut | mouth, inlet, opening | LRC |
| στόμαχος | n.masc | throat, gullet, esophagus | LRC | |
| Greek: | anastomoun | vb | to provide with an outlet | W7 |
| anastomōsis | n.fem | providing with an outlet | W7 | |
| ὀζό-στομος | adj | with ozostomia | LS | |
| στόμαχος | n.masc | stomach | LRC | |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | staman- | n | mouth | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
