Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: su̯ād- 'sweet; to enjoy something'
Semantic Field(s): Sweet, Glad, Joyful
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | swēte | adj | sweet | W7 |
| Middle English: | aswagen, asuagen | vb | to assuage | CDC/W7 |
| suasion | n | suasion | W7 | |
| swete | adj | sweet | W7 | |
| English: | aedes, aëdes | n | genus of mosquitoes | AHD/W7 |
| assuage | vb.trans | to ease, lessen intensity of (pain) | AHD/W7 | |
| assuasive | adj | calming, soothing | AHD/W7 | |
| dissuade | vb.trans | to advise against (action) | AHD/W7 | |
| hedonic | adj | re: pleasure/hedonism | AHD | |
| hedonism | n | doctrine that pleasure/happiness is sole/chief good in life | AHD/W7 | |
| persuade | vb.trans | to move by argument to belief/action | AHD/W7 | |
| soave | n | dry white Italian wine | AHD | |
| suasion | n | act of persuading/influencing | AHD/W7 | |
| suave | adj | urbane, polished | AHD/W7 | |
| sweet | adj | pleasing in taste | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | swēte | adj | sweet | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | swōti | adj | sweet | ASD |
| Old High German: | suozi | adj | sweet | W7 |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | sœtr | adj | sweet | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | dissuādeo, dissuādēre | vb | to dissuade | W7 |
| persuādeo, persuādēre | vb | to persuade | W7 | |
| suādeo, suādēre | vb | to urge, advise | W7 | |
| suasio, suasionis | n.fem | suasion, persuasiveness | W7 | |
| suasus | vb.ptc | persuaded | W7 | |
| suavis | adj | suave, soft, kind, sweet | W7 | |
| Vulgar Latin: | assuavio, assuaviāre | vb | to assuage, make softer | W7 |
| New Latin: | aedes | n.masc | temple | W7 |
| Old French: | assouagier, as(o)uager, asoager | vb | to assuage, make softer | CDC/W7 |
| Middle French: | dissuader | vb | to dissuade, convince not to act | W7 |
| suave | adj | suave, soft | W7 | |
| Old Occitan: | a(s)suaviar | vb | to assuage | CDC |
| Italian: | soave | adj | soft, gentle | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ἧδος | n.neut | joy, pleasure, enjoyment | LRC |
| ἡδύς | adj | soft, sweet, pleasant | LRC | |
| Greek: | a-ēdēs | adj | unpleasant | W7 |
| hēdonē | n.fem | pleasure | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
