Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: su̯ē̆(i)- 'to bend, turn, swing, swivel'
Semantic Field(s): to Bend, to Turn
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | swæþ | n.neut | swath, track, mark of moving body | ASD/W7 |
| swāpan | vb.str | to swoop, sweep | ASD/W7 | |
| swaþian | vb | to swathe | W7 | |
| swīfan, swāf, swifon, swifen | vb.str | to swivel, revolve | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | swappen | vb | to swap | W7 |
| swathe | n | swath | W7 | |
| swathen | vb | to swathe | W7 | |
| swift | adj | swift | W7 | |
| swivel | n | swivel | W7 | |
| swopen | vb | to swoop, sweep | W7 | |
| English: | swap | vb | to barter, give in exchange | AHD/W7 |
| swath(e) | n | path cut by scythe | IEW/W7 | |
| swathe | vb | to bind/wrap/swaddle (as if) with bandage | W7 | |
| swift | adj | re: moving with great speed | AHD/W7 | |
| switch | n | slender flexible whip/rod/twig | AHD/W7 | |
| swivel | n | bolt/pin joining parts allowing free pivot | AHD/W7 | |
| swivel | vb | to turn (like on swivel) | W7 | |
| swoop | vb | to move with sweep | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Frisian: | swīva | vb | to be uncertain | ASD |
| Middle Dutch: | swijch | n | switch, twig | W7 |
| Old High German: | sweibōn | vb | to roll, wind, turn/twist around | ASD |
| sweifan | vb | to swivel, swing | ASD | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | svaþa | vb | to swathe | W7 |
| sveigja | vb | to swivel, sway | W7 | |
| sveipa | vb | to wrap, encircle | LRC | |
| svíkja | vb | to betray | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | sveipa | vb.wk | to sweep, stroke; wrap, swaddle | ASD |
| svīfa | vb | to rove, turn, sweep | ASD | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | sweiban | vb | to cease, leave off | ASD |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | svaigti | vb | to become dizzy | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
