Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. tek- 'to bear, produce'
Semantic Field(s): Bear
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | þegn | n.str.masc | thane, warrior | LRC |
| Middle English: | theyn | n | thane | W7 |
| English: | Éothain | prop.n | horse-thane in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC |
| oxytocic | adj | hastening parturition | AHD/W7 | |
| polytocous | adj | producing many eggs/young at one time | AHD/W7 | |
| Thain | prop.n | hobbit title in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| thane | n | lord's free retainer | AHD/W7 | |
| tocology | n | obstetrics | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | þegan | n.masc | thane, warrior, servant | ASD |
| Old High German: | degan | n.masc | thane, lord, master, soldier | ASD |
| þegan | n | thane | W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | þegn | n.masc | thane, warrior, servant | ASD |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | τίκτω | vb | to bear, beget, give birth | LRC |
| τόκος | n.masc | childbirth, delivery | LRC | |
| Greek: | poly-tokos | adj | having many children | W7 |
| πρωτό-τοκος | adj | first-born | LRC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
