Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: tek̑þ- 'to plait'
Semantic Field(s): to Plait
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | tál | n | axe | RPN | 
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | context | n | context | W7 | 
| sotil, sutil | adj | subtle | W7 | |
| text | n | text | W7 | |
| tiler | n | stock of crossbow | W7 | |
| tissu | n | rich fabric | W7 | |
| English: | architect | n | one who designs buildings | AHD/W7 | 
| context | n | part of discourse surrounding word/passage | AHD/W7 | |
| dachshund | n | small dog (breed): long body, short legs, long drooping ears | AHD/W7 | |
| dassie | n | coney, rock hyrax: small herbivorous mammal | AHD | |
| polytechnic | adj | re: instruction in technical arts | AHD/W7 | |
| pretext | n | false motive/purpose/appearance cloaking real intent | AHD/W7 | |
| subtle | adj | refined, delicate | AHD/W7 | |
| technical | adj | re: practical knowledge of mechanical/scientific subject | AHD/W7 | |
| tectonic | adj | structural, architectural | AHD/W7 | |
| text | n | original written/printed work | AHD/W7 | |
| tiller | n | lever for turning boat's rudder | AHD/W7 | |
| tissue | n | fine lightweight fabric | AHD/W7 | |
| toil | n | net for trapping game | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | das | n | badger | TLL | 
| Old High German: | dahs | n | badger | W7 | 
| dehsa | n | axe, poleaxe | RPN | |
| dehsala | n | axe, poleaxe | RPN | |
| German: | Dachs | n.masc | badger | LRC | 
| Dachshund | n.masc | dachshund, lit. badger-hound | W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Icelandic: | þexla | n | adze | RPN | 
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | architectōn | n.masc | master-builder | CDC | 
| architectus | n.masc | architect | W7 | |
| contexo, contexere | vb | to weave together | W7 | |
| contextus | n.masc | coherence, connection of words | W7 | |
| contextus | vb.ptc | woven together | W7 | |
| praetexo, praetexere | vb | to weave in front, assign as pretext | W7 | |
| praetextus | vb.ptc | pretexted | W7 | |
| subtilis | adj | finely woven, hard to see | W7 | |
| tela | n.fem | web, loom, fabric | W7 | |
| telum, teli | n.neut | spear, weapon | LRC | |
| texo, texere | vb | to weave, build | RPN | |
| textus | n.masc | texture, context | W7 | |
| textus | vb.ptc | woven | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | tectonicus | adj | tectonic | W7 | 
| Medieval Latin: | telarium | n.neut | beam of a loom | W7 | 
| Portuguese: | tela | n | viewing screen | TLL | 
| Spanish: | tela | n | cloth, fabric | TLL | 
| Old French: | soutil | adj | subtle | W7 | 
| tissu | n.masc | tissue | W7 | |
| tistre | vb | to weave | W7 | |
| Middle French: | architecte | n.masc | architect | W7 | 
| telier | n.masc | beam of a loom | W7 | |
| texte | n.masc | text | W7 | |
| toile | n.fem | toil, cloth | W7 | |
| French: | architecte | n | architect | CDC | 
| polytechnique | adj | re: arts/techniques | W7 | |
| Italian: | architetto | n | architect | CDC | 
| tela | n | cloth, fabric | TLL | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | tašaũ, tašýti | vb | to hew | RPN | 
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | tešǫ, tesati | vb | to hew | RPN | 
| Russian Church Slavic: | tesla | n | adze, carpenter's tool | RPN | 
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | τέκτων | n.masc | builder, carpenter | RPN | 
| τέχνη | n.fem | art, craft, skill | LRC | |
| Greek: | archi-tektōn | n.masc | master builder | W7 | 
| poly-technos | adj | skilled in many arts | W7 | |
| tektonikos | adj | tectonic, re: builder | W7 | |
| technikos | adj | technical, re: art/skill | W7 | |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Hittite: | ták-ki-(e-)eš-zi | vb.3.sg | to join, build | RPN | 
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | taša- | n | axe | RPN | 
| tašaiti | vb | to make, produce (as carpenter) | RPN | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | tákṣati | vb | to cut, plane, fashion | RPN | 
| tákṣan- | n | carpenter, wood-cutter | RPN | |
| Prakrit: | takkhaï | vb | to cut, scrape, peel | RPN | 
| tacchaï | vb | to cut, scrape, peel | RPN | |
| Pali: | tacchaka- | n | carpenter | RPN | 
| tacchati | vb | to build | RPN | |
| tacchanī- | n | hatchet | RPN | |
| tacchēti | vb | to chip, do woodwork | RPN | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | = | 3rd person | 
| adj | = | adjective | 
| fem | = | feminine (gender) | 
| masc | = | masculine (gender) | 
| n | = | noun | 
| neut | = | neuter (gender) | 
| ptc | = | participle | 
| sg | = | singular (number) | 
| vb | = | verb | 
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) | 
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) | 
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin | 
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) | 
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) | 
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |