Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: tek̑þ- 'to plait'
Semantic Field(s): to Plait
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | tál | n | axe | RPN |
English | ||||
Middle English: | context | n | context | W7 |
sotil, sutil | adj | subtle | W7 | |
text | n | text | W7 | |
tiler | n | stock of crossbow | W7 | |
tissu | n | rich fabric | W7 | |
English: | architect | n | one who designs buildings | AHD/W7 |
context | n | part of discourse surrounding word/passage | AHD/W7 | |
dachshund | n | small dog (breed): long body, short legs, long drooping ears | AHD/W7 | |
dassie | n | coney, rock hyrax: small herbivorous mammal | AHD | |
polytechnic | adj | re: instruction in technical arts | AHD/W7 | |
pretext | n | false motive/purpose/appearance cloaking real intent | AHD/W7 | |
subtle | adj | refined, delicate | AHD/W7 | |
technical | adj | re: practical knowledge of mechanical/scientific subject | AHD/W7 | |
tectonic | adj | structural, architectural | AHD/W7 | |
text | n | original written/printed work | AHD/W7 | |
tiller | n | lever for turning boat's rudder | AHD/W7 | |
tissue | n | fine lightweight fabric | AHD/W7 | |
toil | n | net for trapping game | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | das | n | badger | TLL |
Old High German: | dahs | n | badger | W7 |
dehsa | n | axe, poleaxe | RPN | |
dehsala | n | axe, poleaxe | RPN | |
German: | Dachs | n.masc | badger | LRC |
Dachshund | n.masc | dachshund, lit. badger-hound | W7 | |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Icelandic: | þexla | n | adze | RPN |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | architectōn | n.masc | master-builder | CDC |
architectus | n.masc | architect | W7 | |
contexo, contexere | vb | to weave together | W7 | |
contextus | n.masc | coherence, connection of words | W7 | |
contextus | vb.ptc | woven together | W7 | |
praetexo, praetexere | vb | to weave in front, assign as pretext | W7 | |
praetextus | vb.ptc | pretexted | W7 | |
subtilis | adj | finely woven, hard to see | W7 | |
tela | n.fem | web, loom, fabric | W7 | |
telum, teli | n.neut | spear, weapon | LRC | |
texo, texere | vb | to weave, build | RPN | |
textus | n.masc | texture, context | W7 | |
textus | vb.ptc | woven | W7 | |
Late Latin: | tectonicus | adj | tectonic | W7 |
Medieval Latin: | telarium | n.neut | beam of a loom | W7 |
Portuguese: | tela | n | viewing screen | TLL |
Spanish: | tela | n | cloth, fabric | TLL |
Old French: | soutil | adj | subtle | W7 |
tissu | n.masc | tissue | W7 | |
tistre | vb | to weave | W7 | |
Middle French: | architecte | n.masc | architect | W7 |
telier | n.masc | beam of a loom | W7 | |
texte | n.masc | text | W7 | |
toile | n.fem | toil, cloth | W7 | |
French: | architecte | n | architect | CDC |
polytechnique | adj | re: arts/techniques | W7 | |
Italian: | architetto | n | architect | CDC |
tela | n | cloth, fabric | TLL | |
Baltic | ||||
Lithuanian: | tašaũ, tašýti | vb | to hew | RPN |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | tešǫ, tesati | vb | to hew | RPN |
Russian Church Slavic: | tesla | n | adze, carpenter's tool | RPN |
Hellenic | ||||
Homeric Greek: | τέκτων | n.masc | builder, carpenter | RPN |
τέχνη | n.fem | art, craft, skill | LRC | |
Greek: | archi-tektōn | n.masc | master builder | W7 |
poly-technos | adj | skilled in many arts | W7 | |
tektonikos | adj | tectonic, re: builder | W7 | |
technikos | adj | technical, re: art/skill | W7 | |
Anatolian | ||||
Hittite: | ták-ki-(e-)eš-zi | vb.3.sg | to join, build | RPN |
Iranian | ||||
Avestan: | taša- | n | axe | RPN |
tašaiti | vb | to make, produce (as carpenter) | RPN | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | tákṣati | vb | to cut, plane, fashion | RPN |
tákṣan- | n | carpenter, wood-cutter | RPN | |
Prakrit: | takkhaï | vb | to cut, scrape, peel | RPN |
tacchaï | vb | to cut, scrape, peel | RPN | |
Pali: | tacchaka- | n | carpenter | RPN |
tacchati | vb | to build | RPN | |
tacchanī- | n | hatchet | RPN | |
tacchēti | vb | to chip, do woodwork | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
3 | = | 3rd person |
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
ptc | = | participle |
sg | = | singular (number) |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |