Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. teng- 'to dunk, soak, wet'
Semantic Field(s): Wet, Damp
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | steynen | vb | to stain | W7 |
| tainten, taynten | vb | to taint, color | W7 | |
| tingen | vb | to tinge | W7 | |
| English: | dunk | vb | to dip into liquid | AHD/W7 |
| intinction | n | dipping bread in wine (in Communion) | AHD/W7 | |
| stain | vb | to soil, discolor | AHD/W7 | |
| taint | vb | to touch/affect slightly but badly | AHD/W7 | |
| tinct | adj | tinted, tinged | AHD/W7 | |
| tinge | vb.trans | to tint, color with weak shade/stain | AHD/W7 | |
| tint | n | hue, slight/pale coloration | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Pennsylvania German: | dunke | vb | to dunk | W7 |
| Old High German: | dunkōn | vb | to dunk | W7 |
| Middle High German: | dunken | vb | to dunk | W7 |
| German: | dunken | vb | to dunk | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | steina | vb | to stain, paint | W7 |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | intinctus | vb.ptc | dipped in | W7 |
| intingo, intingere | vb | to dip in | W7 | |
| tinctus | n.masc | act of dyeing | W7 | |
| tinctus | vb.ptc | dyed | W7 | |
| tingo, tingere | vb | to dip, moisten; tinge, dye | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | intinctio, intinctionis | n.fem | baptism | W7 |
| Anglo-French: | teinter | vb | to color | W7 |
| Middle French: | teindre | vb | to dye | W7 |
| teint | vb.ptc | colored | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | τέγγω | vb | to wet, moisten | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| ptc | = | participle |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
