Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. u̯āt-, better u̯ōt- 'wood, vatic, mentally animated'
Semantic Field(s): Mad, Crazy, Insane, Holy, Sacred, Passion
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | fāith | n | seer, poet | W7 |
English | ||||
Old English: | fann | n.fem | fan | W7 |
wōd | adj | wood | W7 | |
Wōden | prop.n.masc | Woden | W7 | |
wōþ | n.fem | sound, noise; song, poetry | W7 | |
Middle English: | fan, van | n | fan, van | W7 |
wood | adj | wood | W7 | |
English: | atmosphere | n | air, gaseous mass enveloping earth | AHD/W7 |
fan | n | winnowing device | AHD/W7 | |
Odin | prop.n | supreme god (Germanic mythology) | LRC | |
van | n | winnowing device | AHD/W7 | |
vatic | adj | oracular, prophetic | AHD/W7 | |
wedeln | n | snow skiing style: short quick turns | AHD | |
Woden | prop.n | Odin | LRC | |
wood | adj | mad, insane, violent | AHD/W7 | |
Wotan | prop.n | Woden | AHD | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | wan(ne) | n.fem | fan | ASD |
Middle Low German: | Wōdan | prop.n | Woden | ASD |
Old High German: | wanna | n.fem | fan | ASD |
wedil | n | fan | AHD | |
wuce | adj | mad, rabid, insane | ASD | |
wuot | n | madness | W7 | |
Wuotan | prop.n | Woden | ASD | |
wuoto | n.masc | madman, insane person | ASD | |
Middle High German: | wanne | n.fem | fan | ASD |
German: | Atmosphäre | n.fem | atmosphere | CDC |
Wanne | n.fem | fan | ASD | |
Wotan | prop.n | Wotan | LRC | |
Wut | n.fem | rage, anger | LRC | |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Norse: | Óðinn | prop.n.masc | Odin | LRC |
Icelandic: | Óðinn | prop.n | Odin | ASD |
óðr | adj | mad, rabid, insane | ASD | |
Danish: | atmosfære | n | atmosphere | CDC |
Odin | prop.n | Odin | W7 | |
Swedish: | atmosfer | n | atmosphere | CDC |
vanna | n.fem | fan | ASD | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | wōds | adj | mad, rabid, insane | ASD |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | vannus | n.masc | van, tool | W7 |
vates | n.masc | seer, prophet | W7 | |
New Latin: | atmosphaera | n.fem | atmosphere | W7 |
Portuguese: | atmosphera | n | atmosphere | CDC |
Spanish: | atmósfera | n | atmosphere | CDC |
Middle French: | van | n.masc | van, winnow | W7 |
French: | atmosphère | n | atmosphere | CDC |
Italian: | atmosfera | n | atmosphere | CDC |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | ἀτμός | n.masc | steam, vapor | CDC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
prop | = | proper |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |