Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 3. u̯eis- 'to flow (away); ooze, virus, poison'
Semantic Field(s): to Flow, Mud, Mire, Sick; Sickness
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | wāse | n.fem | ooze | ASD |
| wāsend | n.masc | weasand | ASD/IEW | |
| weosule, wesle | n.fem | weasel | W7 | |
| Middle English: | viscouse | adj | viscous | W7 |
| wesand | n | weasand | W7 | |
| wesele | n | weasel | W7 | |
| wose | n | ooze | W7 | |
| English: | bison | n | large shaggy bovine mammal | AHD/W7 |
| filovirus | n | thread-like RNA animal virus | AHD | |
| ooze | n | mud, slime, soft deposit at bottom of water | AHD/W7 | |
| parvovirus | n | infective agent with DNA in icosahedral protein shell | AHD | |
| rhabdovirus | n | RNA-containing plant/animal virus | AHD | |
| virus | n.arch | venom, poison | AHD/W7 | |
| viscid | adj | sticky, having adhesive quality | AHD/W7 | |
| viscous | adj | gluey, viscid | AHD/W7 | |
| weasand | n | maw, throat, gullet, windpipe | IEW/W7 | |
| weasel | n | small slender carnivorous mammal | AHD/W7 | |
| wisent | n | aurochs, (European) bison | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | wāse | n.fem | ooze | ASD |
| Dutch: | wezel | n | weasel | TLL |
| Old High German: | weisunt | n | weasand | W7 |
| wīhsila | n | cherry | W7 | |
| wisant, wisunt | n | wisent | W7 | |
| wisula, wisala | n.fem | weasel | ASD/W7 | |
| German: | Virus | n.neut | virus | LRC |
| Wiesel | n.neut | weasel | LRC | |
| Wisent | n.masc | wisent | W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Icelandic: | veisa | n.fem | ooze, pool of stagnant water | ASD |
| Danish: | væsel | n | weasel | TLL |
| Swedish: | vessla | n | weasel | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | virus | n.neut | slime, stench, virus: poison | W7 |
| viscum | n.neut | birdlime | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | viscidus | adj | viscid, slimy | W7 |
| viscosus | adj | viscous, full of birdlime | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Prussian: | wissambrs | n | wisent | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ἰξός | n.masc | mistletoe | LS |
| ἰός | n.masc | , virus: poison | LS | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | viṣa | n | stench, liquid, virus: poison | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| arch | = | archaic |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
