Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 5. u̯es- 'to dress, clothe, wear'
Semantic Field(s): to Clothe, Dress
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | werian | vb.wk | to wear | ASD/W7 |
Middle English: | vesten | vb | to vest | W7 |
weren | vb | to wear | W7 | |
English: | devest | vb.trans | to divest | AHD/W7 |
divest | vb.trans | to undress, strip off clothing | W7 | |
himation | n | rectangular cloth garment (worn in ancient Greece) | AHD/W7 | |
invest | vb | to commit (funds) to earn financial return | AHD/W7 | |
invest | vb.trans | to array in symbols of office/honor | AHD/W7 | |
revet | vb.trans | to face (embankment) with stones | AHD/W7 | |
travesty | n | burlesque/grotesque translation/imitation | AHD/W7 | |
vest | n | robe, loose outer garment | AHD/W7 | |
vest | vb | to place/give into another's possession/discretion | AHD/W7 | |
wear, wore, worn | vb.str | to bear/have (clothing) upon oneself | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Dutch: | vest | n | vest, waistcoat | TLL |
Old High German: | werien | vb | to wear, clothe | ASD |
German: | Weste | n.fem | vest | LRC |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Norse: | verja | vb | to wear, dress, clothe; spend, invest | W7 |
Icelandic: | verja | vb | to wear, clothe | ASD |
Danish: | vest | n | vest, waistcoat | TLL |
Swedish: | väst | n | vest, waistcoat | TLL |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | wasjan | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | LRC |
*wasti | n.str.fem | vest, garment | LRC | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | investio, investire | vb | to clothe, surround | W7 |
revestio, revestire | vb | to wear again | W7 | |
vestio, vestire | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | W7 | |
vestis | n.fem | vest(ments), clothing | W7 | |
vestitus, vestitus | n.masc | vest, clothing | LRC | |
Medieval Latin: | disvestio, disvestire | vb | to devest, undress | W7 |
Middle French: | desvestir | vb | to devest, undress | W7 |
investir | vb | to invest; invade | W7 | |
vestir | vb | to dress | W7 | |
French: | revêtir | vb | to dress up | W7 |
travestir | vb | to disguise | W7 | |
veste | n.fem | vest | W7 | |
Old Italian: | investire | vb | to surround with troops; endow with quality/characteristic | W7 |
Italian: | investire | vb | to clothe; invest money | W7 |
travestire | vb | to disguise | W7 | |
vèste | n.fem | dress, gown; quality, appearance | W7 | |
Hellenic | ||||
Homeric Greek: | εἷμα | n.neut | garment, clothing | LRC |
ἕννῡμι | vb | to clothe (someone) | LRC | |
Greek: | ἱμάτιον | n.neut | clothing | LRC |
Anatolian | ||||
Hittite: | wasapa- | n | clothes | LRC |
wešš(iya)- | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | LRC | |
Armenian | ||||
Armenian: | zgenum | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
Iranian | ||||
Avestan: | vaste | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | váste | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
Tocharian | ||||
Tocharian B: | wäs- | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
Tocharian A: | wäs- | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
str | = | strong (inflection) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |