Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 5. u̯es- 'to dress, clothe, wear'
Semantic Field(s): to Clothe, Dress
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | werian | vb.wk | to wear | ASD/W7 |
| Middle English: | vesten | vb | to vest | W7 |
| weren | vb | to wear | W7 | |
| English: | devest | vb.trans | to divest | AHD/W7 |
| divest | vb.trans | to undress, strip off clothing | W7 | |
| himation | n | rectangular cloth garment (worn in ancient Greece) | AHD/W7 | |
| invest | vb | to commit (funds) to earn financial return | AHD/W7 | |
| invest | vb.trans | to array in symbols of office/honor | AHD/W7 | |
| revet | vb.trans | to face (embankment) with stones | AHD/W7 | |
| travesty | n | burlesque/grotesque translation/imitation | AHD/W7 | |
| vest | n | robe, loose outer garment | AHD/W7 | |
| vest | vb | to place/give into another's possession/discretion | AHD/W7 | |
| wear, wore, worn | vb.str | to bear/have (clothing) upon oneself | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | vest | n | vest, waistcoat | TLL |
| Old High German: | werien | vb | to wear, clothe | ASD |
| German: | Weste | n.fem | vest | LRC |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | verja | vb | to wear, dress, clothe; spend, invest | W7 |
| Icelandic: | verja | vb | to wear, clothe | ASD |
| Danish: | vest | n | vest, waistcoat | TLL |
| Swedish: | väst | n | vest, waistcoat | TLL |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | wasjan | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | LRC |
| *wasti | n.str.fem | vest, garment | LRC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | investio, investire | vb | to clothe, surround | W7 |
| revestio, revestire | vb | to wear again | W7 | |
| vestio, vestire | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | W7 | |
| vestis | n.fem | vest(ments), clothing | W7 | |
| vestitus, vestitus | n.masc | vest, clothing | LRC | |
| Medieval Latin: | disvestio, disvestire | vb | to devest, undress | W7 |
| Middle French: | desvestir | vb | to devest, undress | W7 |
| investir | vb | to invest; invade | W7 | |
| vestir | vb | to dress | W7 | |
| French: | revêtir | vb | to dress up | W7 |
| travestir | vb | to disguise | W7 | |
| veste | n.fem | vest | W7 | |
| Old Italian: | investire | vb | to surround with troops; endow with quality/characteristic | W7 |
| Italian: | investire | vb | to clothe; invest money | W7 |
| travestire | vb | to disguise | W7 | |
| vèste | n.fem | dress, gown; quality, appearance | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | εἷμα | n.neut | garment, clothing | LRC |
| ἕννῡμι | vb | to clothe (someone) | LRC | |
| Greek: | ἱμάτιον | n.neut | clothing | LRC |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Hittite: | wasapa- | n | clothes | LRC |
| wešš(iya)- | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | LRC | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | zgenum | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | vaste | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | váste | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B: | wäs- | vb | to get dressed | LRC |
| Tocharian A: | wäs- | vb | to wear, dress, clothe | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |