Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 8. u̯es- 'to buy, sell, exchange'
Semantic Field(s): to Buy, to Sell, to Trade
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | revilen | vb | to revile | W7 |
| vile | adj | vile | W7 | |
| English: | bazaar | n | Oriental market: rows of shops/stalls | AHD/W7 |
| monopsony | n | market with single buyer | AHD | |
| revile | vb | to vituperate, subject to verbal abuse | AHD/W7 | |
| venal | adj | purchasable, able to be bought/sold for money | AHD/W7 | |
| vile | adj | common, of small worth/account | AHD/W7 | |
| vilify | vb | to lower in importance/estimation | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | venalis | adj | venal, for sale | W7 |
| venum | n.neut | sale | W7 | |
| vilis | adj | vile, base | W7 | |
| Old French: | vil | adj | vile, base | W7 |
| Middle French: | reviler | vb | to revile, despise | W7 |
| vil | adj | vile, mean | W7 | |
| Italian: | bazarro | n | bazaar | AHD |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | ὠνητός | adj | bought, purchased | LRC |
| ὦνος | n | purchase-money | LRC | |
| Greek: | ōneisthai | vb | to buy | W7 |
| Iranian | ||||
| Persian: | bāzār | n | bazaar | W7 |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | vasna | n | price | W7 |
| Urdu: | bāzār | n | bazaar | AHD |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
