Old French Online

French: Base Form Dictionary

This Base Form Dictionary index lists, in an alphabetical order suitable to the language and the script employed for it, every unique base form underlying one or more surface (word) forms in lesson texts. For each base form a general meaning (if any) is shown, along with links to every usage, in every numbered lesson, of the associated surface forms. With this index, one may click on any link to perform a quick "usage look-up," and thereby study how surface forms in texts are constructed from base forms.

A new, experimental feature is being introduced to these EIEOL lessons, namely the addition of pointers to Proto-Indo-European roots identified by Julius Pokorny in his monumental work, Indogermanisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (2 vols. Bern: Franke, 1959-1969; reprinted in 1989). Because Pokorny is becoming increasingly outdated, we may revise these links in the future; however, for the time being, this information might prove interesting to those who are curious about Indo-European etymology. Notice of potential error is always welcome.

<a, ad> to, up to, against, in, on -- [Pokorny 1. ad- :: at, by, to]   -- <abatre> knock down, destroy -- <Achar de Vercli> Achar de Vercli -- <acreanter> promise, allow, agree -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <adenz> face downwards -- [Pokorny ed- :: to eat]   -- <adober> arm oneself -- <adurer> worship -- [Pokorny ōr-, ər- :: to call, speak, talk, orate]   -- <aiglantier> wild rose -- <aiglent> wild rose -- <ainc, ainz, ains> earlier, rather -- <aleine, alaine> blast, breath -- <aler> go -- <Alexis> Alexis -- <alne> ell -- <alt, aut, halt> high, strong, important -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance]   -- <altain> high, deep -- [Pokorny 2. al- :: to grow, nourish, enhance]   -- <altre> other -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <amant> lover -- <amer> love -- <ami> friend -- [Pokorny am(m)a, amī̆ :: mama, amah (nursery word)]   -- <amie> friend -- [Pokorny am(m)a, amī̆ :: mama, amah (nursery word)]   -- <amor> love -- <an> year -- [Pokorny at- :: to go; year, annum]   -- <anel> ring -- <angregier> grow worse, become more painful -- <anima> soul -- [Pokorny 3. an(ə)- :: to breathe, respire, animate]   -- <Anjou> Anjou -- <anme, alme, arme, ame> soul, somebody -- [Pokorny 3. an(ə)- :: to breathe, respire, animate]   -- <Anseis> Anseis -- <AOI> ... -- <aparant> visible -- <apeler> accuse, summon, call -- <apercevoir> notice, know -- <apert> open, visible, manifest -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <Apollin> Apollo, Satan -- <apres> after, afterwards -- <ardoir, ardre> burn -- [Pokorny ā̆s-, based on it azd-, azg(h)- :: to burn, glow; ash]   -- <argent> silver, money, riches -- [Pokorny ar(e)-g̑-, arg̑-?, r̥g̑i- :: white, argent, glittering]   -- <ariver> arrive -- <arriere, arrere, arire> back -- <art> liberal art, craft -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <asez, assés> many, much, very well -- <asproier> torment, prosecute -- <assembler, assanler> call together, assemble, meet -- <asseoir> place, set up, lay siege -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <astenir> keep from -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <ataindre> reach, regain, catch -- <atorner> turn, prepare -- <atot> with -- <aucun> some -- <aussi> also, likewise -- <avenant> beautiful, attractive -- [Pokorny gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to come, go]   -- <avenement> arrival -- [Pokorny gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to come, go]   -- <avenir> arrive, happen -- [Pokorny gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to come, go]   -- <aviler> abandon, disgrace -- [Pokorny 3. ter-, terə-, and teri-, trēi-, trī-, also teru- : treu- :: to bore, drill, rub, thresh]   -- <aviser> look at, see, recognize, appreciate -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know]   -- <avoir, aveir> have, be -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize]   -- <avuec, avec, avoc> with -- <bacheler, bachelor> young man, young knight aspirant, page -- <baillier> own, receive, give -- <baisier> kiss -- <balt> happy, full of fervor -- <barbe> beard -- [Pokorny bhardhā :: beard]   -- <Barintes> Barind -- <baron> brave warrior, brave knight -- <bataille> battle -- <bec> beak -- <bel> dear, beloved, handsome -- [Pokorny 2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty]   -- <bevre> drink -- [Pokorny 2. pō(i)- : pī-, and (from pō-), po- :: to bib, drink]   -- <bien> well, many, much, really -- [Pokorny 2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty]   -- <bien, ben> good, good fortune, well-being -- [Pokorny 2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty]   -- <blanc> white -- [Pokorny bheleg- :: to shine, glisten]   -- <Blaquie> Blaquie -- <bon> good -- [Pokorny 2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty]   -- <bos, bois> forest, tree -- <bouche, buche> mouth -- [Pokorny 2. b(e)u-, bh(e)ū̆- :: to boil, swell, puff up]   -- <braire> shout, sing -- <Brandain> Brendan -- <cadable> catapult -- <Cahu> Cahu -- <cas> fall, event, affair -- <ceanz, seans> in here -- <cervel> brains -- [Pokorny 1. k̑er-, k̑erə- : k̑rā-, k̑erei-, k̑ereu- :: horn, head, upper part of body]   -- <cest, cist> this -- <chaitif> miserable -- <chaloir> concern, matter -- <chambre> chamber, territory, royal apartment -- [Pokorny kam-er- :: to bend, curve]   -- <chant> song, melody -- [Pokorny kan- :: to sing, chant, sound]   -- <chanter> sing -- [Pokorny kan- :: to sing, chant, sound]   -- <chapele> chapel -- <Charles> Charles, Charlemagne -- <charn, char> flesh, meat -- [Pokorny 4. (s)ker-, (s)kerə-, (s)krē- :: to cut, shear, score, scribe]   -- <chartre> letter, agreement -- <chasser> hunt -- <chastel, castel> castle -- [Pokorny k̑es- :: to cut]   -- <cheoir, chaeir> fall -- <cher> beloved, expensive -- [Pokorny kā- :: to like, wish, desire]   -- <chevalier> knight -- <chevauchie> expedition, ride -- <chief> head -- <chose, cose> thing, affair, creature -- <chrestien> christian -- <Christ> Christ -- <Christus> Christ -- <ci> here -- <ciel> heaven -- [Pokorny (s)kāi- :: bright, shining]   -- <cil> that -- <cit, citet> city, town -- <clameor> appeal -- [Pokorny 6. kel-, k(e)lē-, k(e)lā-, or kl̥̄-? :: to call, cry]   -- <clamer> call, proclaim, confess -- [Pokorny 6. kel-, k(e)lē-, k(e)lā-, or kl̥̄-? :: to call, cry]   -- <clementiam> grace -- [Pokorny k̑lei- :: to lean, incline, tip (over)]   -- <clerc, clerge> clerk -- <cointe> refined, clever, elegant -- <colon, colomb> pigeon, dove -- [Pokorny 4. kel-, and kāl- :: light and dark spots]   -- <colpe, corpe, cope> sin, mistake -- <com, comme> as -- <com, comme> when -- <com, cum> in order that -- <comander> give, recommend, order -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand]   -- <comencier> begin, start -- <compaigne> troops -- <concreidre> give in -- <congié> permission to leave, permission, leave -- <conquerre, cunquerre> conquer, capture -- <conseillier, conseilleor> counsellor, advisor -- [Pokorny 3. sel- :: to grab, seize, take]   -- <conserrer, consirrer> deprive, resign -- <consolation> consolation -- <conte> count -- [Pokorny 1. ei- :: to go, exit]   -- <contenant> demeanour, expression, appearance -- <conter> count, relate -- <contre> against, compared with -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <contredire> oppose, resist -- <convoier> escort -- [Pokorny 3. u̯ei-, u̯eiə- : u̯ī- :: to wish, pursue, go for, reach towards; strong, violent]   -- <Corbiau> Raven -- <Cordres> Cordres -- <corn, cor> horn -- <corocier> anger, afflict -- <corre> run -- [Pokorny kers- :: black, dirty; dark color]   -- <cors> body -- [Pokorny 1. krep-, kr̥p- :: form; corpse, body]   -- <Costantinoble> Constantinople -- <couchier> lie down -- <creanter, granter> grant, agree -- <crier> shout -- <croistre, creistre> grow -- [Pokorny 2. k̑er-, k̑erə-, k̑rē- :: to grow, increase]   -- <cuer, coer, cor> heart -- [Pokorny k̑ered- : k̑erd-, k̑ērd-, k̑r̥d-, k̑red- :: heart]   -- <cuidier> think -- <cuire> cook, burn -- [Pokorny peku̯- :: to cook]   -- <cure> care, anxiety -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for]   -- <curios> careful -- [Pokorny kois- :: to cure, worry, care for]   -- <ça, çai> here, hither -- <ça en arriere> formerly, until now -- <ço, ceo, ce, ceu> this, that, it -- <daignier> deign -- <dales, dalles, dallĂŠ> next to, along -- <dam, dan> sir, lord -- <damage> trouble, harm -- <dame> lady, dame -- <damoiselle> girl of noble birth -- <de> ... -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <de> of, from -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <de> to -- [Pokorny de-, do- :: I-deictic; here]   -- <deable, diavle> devil -- <debonaire> noble, sweet -- [Pokorny 2. deu-, or dou- : du- :: to worship, venerate; mighty]   -- <deçoivre> deceive, mislead -- <deduire> lead, live -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow]   -- <degré> staircase -- <deles, delé, deleiz> next to; beside -- <delicios> delicious -- <demander> ask, ask for -- [Pokorny mə-r, genitive mə-n-és, mn̥tós :: hand]   -- <demoree> delay, stay -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <demorer> stay, remain -- [Pokorny (s)mer- :: to mourn, remember, think of, care for]   -- <demostrer> show, indicate, explaine -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity]   -- <descendre> descend, dismount -- <desconfire> demolish, defeat -- <desos, desous> under -- <devant> before, in front of, in the presence of -- <devenir> become -- <devers, de vers> in the direction of, from the direction of -- <devoir> have to -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize]   -- <devorer> devour -- <di> day -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity]   -- <Dieu, Deu> God -- [Pokorny 1. dei-, dei̯ə-, dī-, di̯ā- :: to shine, glitter; day, sun; god, deity]   -- <dire> say, tell -- <divers> various -- <doi, dei> finger -- [Pokorny deik̑- :: to teach, show]   -- <dol, duel> suffering, grief -- <dolent> sorrowful, wetched -- <dolor> pain, suffering -- [Pokorny 3. del-, dol-, delə- :: to split, divide]   -- <dolz, dous> sweet, gentle -- [Pokorny dl̥kú- :: sweet, dulcet]   -- <donc> then, therefore -- <doner> give -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <dont, dunt> of whom, of which, whose -- <doter> doubt, be afraid -- [Pokorny bheu-, bheu̯ə-, bhu̯ā-, bhu̯ē- : bhō̆u- : bhū- :: to be, exist; grow, prosper]   -- <droit> direct, right, proper -- <duc> duke -- [Pokorny deuk- :: to tug, pull, drag, tow]   -- <dur> hard, unrefined, cruel -- [Pokorny deru-, dō̆ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu̯ə- : drū- :: firm, solid; tree, wood]   -- <durement> greatly, sorely, very -- [Pokorny deru-, dō̆ru-, dr(e)u-, drou-, dreu̯ə- : drū- :: firm, solid; tree, wood]   -- <e, et, ed> and -- [Pokorny eti :: out, beyond, etc.]   -- <element> force, energy, god -- <emparenté> of noble lineage -- [Pokorny 2d. per- :: to bear (a child)]   -- <empedement> persecution -- <empeindre> blow, protrude -- <empereor> emperor -- [Pokorny 2d. per- :: to bear (a child)]   -- <en> in, into, on, on top of -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <en> of it -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <encombrer> overload -- <encontre> to, towards, against -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <encontrer> meet -- [Pokorny kom :: at, by, cum, with, alongside]   -- <encore, encor, uncore> still, yet -- <endreit> precisely, right, immediately -- <enemi> enemy, devil -- [Pokorny am(m)a, amī̆ :: mama, amah (nursery word)]   -- <enferm> ill, crippled, weak, unhealthy -- <enfermeté> physical or moral weakness, illness -- <enfern> hell -- <engagier> commit -- <engeindre, engendrer> cause -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <engignier, engeignier> invent, seduce, deceive -- <engin, engien> skill, cheating -- <enne> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <enoi, enui> torment, pain -- <enorter> exhort, urge, seduce -- [Pokorny 1. g̑her- :: to desire, yearn for]   -- <enpur, anpur> for the sake of -- <enragié> furious -- [Pokorny rabh-, or rebh- : rebh- :: to rage, be furious]   -- <ens, enz> ... -- <enseigne> war cry -- [Pokorny 2. sē̆k- :: to cut, section, dissect]   -- <enseignier> teach, inform, point out -- [Pokorny 2. sē̆k- :: to cut, section, dissect]   -- <ensemble> together -- <ensemble od> together with -- <ent, end> subsequently -- <entendre> try, pay attention, understand, hear -- <entre> between, among, in the midst of -- [Pokorny 1. en :: in]   -- <entrepris> unhappy person -- <envers> towards -- <erbre> grass -- [Pokorny ghrē- : ghrō- : ghrə- :: to grow, become green]   -- <esbai> frightened, troubled, surprised -- <esbanir> amuse -- <eschec> booty, loot -- <eschecs> chess -- <escïent> knowledge -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate]   -- <escolter> listen to, pay attention to -- <escremir, escrimer> fence -- <escrier> cry out, shout -- <escu> shield -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate]   -- <esleecier> rejoice -- <esmaier> be dismayed -- <Espaigne> Spain -- <espee> sword -- <esposer> marry -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <essil, eissil, issil> wretchedness, ruin -- <ester> stand, remain, be -- [Pokorny stā- : stə- :: to stand]   -- <estor, estorm> noise, tumult, battle -- <estre> life, condition, way of life -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be]   -- <estre, iestre, aistre> be -- [Pokorny es- :: is, to be]   -- <estude, estudie> study, zeal -- [Pokorny 1. (s)teu- :: to hit, push, thrust]   -- <Eufemïen> Eufemien -- <Eulalia> Eulalia -- <faim> hunger, desire -- [Pokorny 3. dhē-, dhə- :: to disappear, pass away]   -- <faire> make -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <faldestuel, faldestuef, faldestoed> folding chair for important person, throne -- <fals, faus> false -- <favele> story, lie -- <feindre> do nothing, shy away -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay]   -- <feintise> pretense, deceit -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay]   -- <feiz, veiz> time -- <fenir, finir> end, stop -- [Pokorny dhēigu̯- : dhōigu̯- : dhīgu̯- :: to dig, plant, stab, stick]   -- <fer> iron, weapon -- <feu, fou> fire, family -- <fier> fierce, strong, proud -- <figure> form, person, character -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay]   -- <fil> son -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle]   -- <filer> spin -- [Pokorny dheig̑h- :: to build, knead clay]   -- <fille> daughter -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle]   -- <filuel> son, godson -- [Pokorny dhē(i)-, also dh-ei-? :: to suck, suckle]   -- <Finepople> Finepople -- <flor> flower -- [Pokorny 4. bhel-, and bhlē-, bhlō-, bhlə- :: leaf, foil, blade; bloom]   -- <florir> flower -- [Pokorny 4. bhel-, and bhlē-, bhlō-, bhlə- :: leaf, foil, blade; bloom]   -- <foi, fei> faith, honor -- [Pokorny 1. bheidh- :: to force; advise, confide, encourage]   -- <fol> crazy -- <foler> harm -- <forment> greatly, very, very much -- <fors> out, outside -- <fors> except -- <fort> strong, hard, fierce -- [Pokorny bhereg̑h-, bherg̑hos- :: high, noble; barrow, mountain]   -- <France> France -- <Franceis> free, noble, subject of the king of France -- <freindre, fraindre> break -- <frere> brother -- [Pokorny bhrā́ter- :: brother, family member]   -- <fromage> cheese -- <fuir, fuier> flee from, abandon -- [Pokorny 1. bheug- :: to flee, escape, seek refuge]   -- <gant> glove -- <garant, garent> protection, defense -- <garder> watch over, guard -- <garnement> decorative object -- <Gefreid> Gefreid -- <gent> race, people -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <gent> fair, handsome, beautiful -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <gentil> noble, brave -- [Pokorny 1. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to bear, produce, generate]   -- <Gerer> Gerer -- <Gerin> Gerin -- <gesir> lie -- <geter, giter> throw, reject, utter -- <Giles> Giles -- <gloire> glory -- <grabatum> simple bed -- [Pokorny grēb(h)o-s : grōb(h)o-s :: beech or hornbeam (tree)]   -- <grant> great, large, tall -- <gré, grieu, griu, gri> Greek -- <guerpir> abandon, leave -- <guerre> war, trouble -- <guerredoner> reward -- <guise> way, manner -- <gunfanuner> standard bearer -- <ha> ha, hello -- <haine> hatred -- <halberc, osberc> hauberk -- <hardi> bold, brave -- <have> dark, sick, somber -- <herbergier> lodge, shelter, receive as guest -- <Hersen> Hersen -- <home, ome> man -- [Pokorny g̑hðem-, g̑hðom-, genitive-ablative g̑h(ð)m-és :: earth, ground, soil, humus]   -- <honestét> honor -- <honore> honored -- <honte> shame, disgrace -- <hors> out, out of, except -- <huit> eight -- <huitaves> octave -- <i> there -- [Pokorny k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this; here]   -- <ici, issi> here -- [Pokorny k̑o-, k̑e-, with the particle k̑e, k̑(e)i-, k̑(i)i̯o- :: this; here]   -- <Iesus> Jesus -- <il> they -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <il> he -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <iluec, ilec, iluoc> there -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <ire> anger, distress -- [Pokorny 1. eis- :: to move rapidly/violently]   -- <iré, irié> angry, distressed, furious -- [Pokorny 1. eis- :: to move rapidly/violently]   -- <isle, ille> island -- [Pokorny 1. sal- :: sal, salt; brackish water]   -- <issir> go out, come out -- <.IX.> nine -- <ja> ever -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <ja, jai> now, already, at once -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <Jake de Bondine> Jake de Bondine -- <jo, jou, jeu> I -- <joer> play -- [Pokorny i̯ek- :: to speak]   -- <Johan> John -- <joi, joie> joy -- <joieus> full of joy -- <jorn, jor> day -- <jornee> day's journey -- <jusqu'a> as far as, up to -- [Pokorny ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)]   -- <la> there -- <laissier> leave, let, abandon -- <leal, loial> loyal, legitimate -- <legier, ligier, loigier> light, supple, light-hearted -- [Pokorny legu̯h- :: to move easily]   -- <lever> lift up -- <li> the -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <lier, loier> bind -- [Pokorny 4. leig-, leig̑- :: to tie, bind, ligate]   -- <lié, liet> happy, joyful -- <lignage> lineage, family -- <lil> lily -- <lit> bed -- <liue, live> mile -- <livre> book, inventory -- [Pokorny leup-, and leub-, leubh- :: to lift, peel, cut/break off, etc.]   -- <loing, loin, luin, lonc> far, far away -- [Pokorny 5. del- :: long]   -- <lonc, long, loing> long, far -- [Pokorny 5. del- :: long]   -- <longement> long, for a long time -- [Pokorny 5. del- :: long]   -- <lor, leur> their -- [Pokorny 1. al-, ol- :: beyond; other, alien]   -- <.LXXX.> eighty -- <magne> great -- [Pokorny meg̑(h)- : meg̑(h)- :: big, much, great, major, mega-]   -- <Mahumez, Mahun> Mahomet -- <maindre> stay, remain -- [Pokorny 5. men- :: to stay, remain, stand still]   -- <maint> many, many a -- <maintenant> immediately, soon -- <mais> more, further, rather -- <mais, mes> but -- <maisniee, maisnie> household, army -- <maison> house -- <mal> evil, disaster, illness -- [Pokorny mēlo-, smēlo- :: small animal]   -- <mal> bad, mean, wretched -- [Pokorny mēlo-, smēlo- :: small animal]   -- <malement> badly -- [Pokorny mēlo-, smēlo- :: small animal]   -- <malfé> devil, demon -- [Pokorny mēlo-, smēlo- :: small animal]   -- <maltalent> anger -- [Pokorny mēlo-, smēlo- :: small animal]   -- <mangier, manjuer> eat -- <maniere> way, intention -- <mar> wrongly, in vain -- <Marsilie> Marsilie -- <masse> mass -- <mat> feeble, exhausted, sad -- <Maximiien> Maximian -- <meins, mains, moins> less, fewer -- [Pokorny 5. mei-, mi-neu- :: to lessen, diminish; small, minor]   -- <menace, manace> menace -- <mener> take, lead, show -- <menestier> service, profession -- [Pokorny 5. mei-, mi-neu- :: to lessen, diminish; small, minor]   -- <mentir> lie, betray, deny, fail -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity]   -- <menu, menut> quickly -- <mer> sea -- [Pokorny mori, mōri :: mere, sea]   -- <mer, mier> pure -- <merci> grace, mercy, pity -- [Pokorny merk̑- :: to grab, seize]   -- <mere> mother -- [Pokorny mātér- :: mother]   -- <Mernoc> Mernoc -- <merveille> what is surprising, wonder -- <mescroire> refuse to believe, suspect -- [Pokorny k̑ered- : k̑erd-, k̑ērd-, k̑r̥d-, k̑red- :: heart]   -- <mesprendre> make a mistake, commit a crime -- <message> messenger -- <metre, mectre, mettre> put -- <mie> not -- <miels, mels> better, rather -- <millier> thousand -- [Pokorny g̑héslo- :: thousand, chiliad]   -- <miracle> miracle -- <moine, monie> monk -- <molt, mult, mout> many, much, very -- [Pokorny 4. mel- :: big, strong]   -- <mon> my -- [Pokorny 1. me- :: me (1st pers. sg. oblique pronoun stem)]   -- <mont> mountain -- [Pokorny 1. men- :: to rise, mount, tower]   -- <montaigne> mountain -- [Pokorny 1. men- :: to rise, mount, tower]   -- <moralité> character, lesson -- [Pokorny 5. mē-, mō-, mə- :: to be intent; of strong will]   -- <morir> kill, die -- [Pokorny 4. mer-, merə- :: to die]   -- <mort> death -- [Pokorny 4. mer-, merə- :: to die]   -- <mot> word -- <mur> wall -- [Pokorny 1. mei- :: to mure, repair, strengthen; pole]   -- <nate> matting -- <ne, nen> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <ne, ni> nor, and not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nef> ship -- [Pokorny 1. nāus- :: boat, ship]   -- <Neimes> Naimes -- <nevot, neveu> grandson, nephew -- [Pokorny nepōt- :: nephew; grandchild]   -- <nïent> not at all -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nom, non> name, title -- [Pokorny en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ :: name]   -- <nomer> name, call -- [Pokorny en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ :: name]   -- <non> not -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <noncier> announce, tell -- [Pokorny 1. neu- :: to call, praise]   -- <nonque> never -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <nonsavoir> ignorance -- [Pokorny skē̆i- :: to cut, skive, exscind, separate]   -- <nos> we -- [Pokorny 3. ne-, nō-, plural nē̆s-, nō̆s- :: we]   -- <nostre> our -- [Pokorny 3. ne-, nō-, plural nē̆s-, nō̆s- :: we]   -- <nul> no, not any -- <o, ou, euc> this -- <o, u> or -- <ocire> kill -- [Pokorny (s)k(h)ai-, (s)k(h)ai-d-, (s)k(h)ai-t- :: to cuff, kick]   -- <oeuil, oil> eye -- [Pokorny oku̯- :: to see, ogle; eye]   -- <oir, odir> hear -- [Pokorny 8. au̯-, au̯ēi- :: to perceive, understand, be aware of]   -- <oisel> bird -- [Pokorny au̯ei-, əu̯ei-? :: bird, avifauna]   -- <olifant> ivory horn -- <Oliver> Oliver -- <om, on> one -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <onor, enor, anor> honor, respect, esteem, fief -- <onques> once, ever -- <or> now -- <or> gold -- [Pokorny au̯es- :: to shine]   -- <ore, eure> hour, time -- <orer> pray -- [Pokorny ōr-, ər- :: to call, speak, talk, orate]   -- <orison, oraison> prayer, speech -- [Pokorny ōr-, ər- :: to call, speak, talk, orate]   -- <oser> dare -- [Pokorny 7. au̯-, au̯ē-, au̯ēi- :: to like, help]   -- <ostel> house, dwelling -- [Pokorny ghosti-s :: guest, stranger]   -- <ot, od, of, o> with -- <otroier, otrier> grant, agree -- <ou> where -- <ou, u> where -- <paien> pagan, heathen -- [Pokorny pā̆k̑-, and pā̆g̑- :: to repair, strengthen]   -- <paien, pagien> pagan, heathen -- [Pokorny pā̆k̑-, and pā̆g̑- :: to repair, strengthen]   -- <paile> precious cloth -- <pain> bread -- [Pokorny pā- : pə-, and pā-t- : pə-t- :: to feed, graze, pasture]   -- <paistre, pestre> feed -- [Pokorny pā- : pə-, and pā-t- : pə-t- :: to feed, graze, pasture]   -- <pance> stomach, belly -- <paor, peor> fear -- [Pokorny pēu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: to hit; sharp]   -- <par> through, by, by reason of -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <parage> family, origin, rank -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart]   -- <parament> finery, precious object -- [Pokorny 2d. per- :: to bear (a child)]   -- <pardon> grace, permission -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <pardoner> forgive, pardon -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <parent> father, parent -- [Pokorny 2d. per- :: to bear (a child)]   -- <parlement> conversation, word, meeting -- <parler> speak, talk -- <parmi, par mi> through, in the middle -- <parole> word, speech -- <part> part, portion -- [Pokorny 2c. per-, perə- :: to sell, impart]   -- <parvenir> arrive -- [Pokorny gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to come, go]   -- <pas> not -- <pechié> sin, mistake -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot]   -- <pecier> smash to pieces -- <peine, paine> torment, suffering -- [Pokorny 1. ku̯ei(-t)- :: to observe with respect, pay attention to]   -- <pendre> hang -- [Pokorny 1. (s)pen(-d)- :: to pull, spin]   -- <pener> torture, suffer -- [Pokorny 1. ku̯ei(-t)- :: to observe with respect, pay attention to]   -- <penser> think, pay attention -- [Pokorny 1. ku̯ei(-t)- :: to observe with respect, pay attention to]   -- <perdre> lose, perish -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <pere> father -- [Pokorny pətḗ(r), genitive pətr-és :: father]   -- <peril> danger -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger]   -- <perir> perish, destroy -- [Pokorny 2e. per- :: to dare, risk, try; peril, danger]   -- <Perre> Peter -- <perte> fall, destruction -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <petit> small, little -- <Phynepople> Phynepople -- <piece> piece, segment -- <piere, pierre> stone, prison -- <pié> foot -- [Pokorny 2. pē̆d-, pō̆d- :: foot]   -- <pin> pine tree -- [Pokorny pei̯(ə)-, pī̆- :: fat; milk]   -- <plaindre> complain, regret, mourn -- [Pokorny 2. plāk-, plāg-, also plēk-, plēg- :: to hit, beat, fling]   -- <plaire> please -- [Pokorny 1. plā-k- : plə-k-, ple-k- : plō̆-k-, plei-k-, and pelə-g- : plā-g- : plə-g- :: flat, wide, broad; spread out]   -- <plein, plain> full -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <ploier> bend, yield -- <plorer> cry, shed tears -- [Pokorny plab- :: to babble, prattle, etc.]   -- <plus> more -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <plusor, pluisor> several -- [Pokorny 1. pel-, pelə-, plē- :: to pour, fill; full, plenary; town?]   -- <poi, pou, pau> little, few -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <polle> girl -- [Pokorny pōu- : pəu- : pū̆- :: few, small, little; young (of animals)]   -- <pooir, poeir, poier> can, be able -- [Pokorny poti-s :: host, husband, lord, master, owner]   -- <por> for -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <porchacier> seek, pursue -- <porofrir> present -- [Pokorny 1. bher- :: to bear, bring, carry]   -- <port> harbour, port -- [Pokorny 2b. per-, perə- :: to fare, ferry, transport, go/carry over]   -- <porter> carry, bring, wear -- [Pokorny 2b. per-, perə- :: to fare, ferry, transport, go/carry over]   -- <porveor> purveyor -- [Pokorny u̯eg̑h- :: to move, drive, carry, convey]   -- <post> after -- [Pokorny pos :: about, around; by, beside; in front of]   -- <poverté> poverty, misery -- [Pokorny ēudh-, ōudh-, ūdh- :: udder]   -- <povre> poor -- [Pokorny ēudh-, ōudh-, ūdh- :: udder]   -- <prendre> take, take hold of, seize -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <pres> close -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <pres de> close to -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <presenter> present, offer, bring before the judge -- <prester> lend -- [Pokorny g̑hesto- :: arm, hand]   -- <priement> prayer -- [Pokorny 4. perk̑-, prek̑-, pr̥k̑- :: to request, ask/pray for]   -- <prier, preier> pray, beg, beseech -- [Pokorny 4. perk̑-, prek̑-, pr̥k̑- :: to request, ask/pray for]   -- <prisier, proisier> esteem, appreciate -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <prison> captivity, prison -- <pucele> girl, servant, maiden -- <pui> mountain, hill -- <puis> subsequently -- <quanque> all that -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quant> when -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quar, car> for, because -- <que> than -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <que> that -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <que> when -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quel> what -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quel> which -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quenoille, queloigne> distaff -- <quere, querre> look for, want, ask -- <qui> that -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <qui> what -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <qui> who -- [Pokorny ku̯o-, ku̯e-, fem. ku̯ā, ku̯ei- :: (indefinite/interrogative pronoun)]   -- <quinze> fifteen -- [Pokorny penku̯e :: five, fifth]   -- <raison> reason, speech, word -- [Pokorny 1. ar-, thematic (a)re-, heavy-base arə-, rē-, and i-base (a)rī̆-, rēi- :: to fit, suit]   -- <ravoir> have back -- [Pokorny ghabh- :: to take, grab, seize]   -- <reclamer> call upon, invoke, beg -- [Pokorny 6. kel-, k(e)lē-, k(e)lā-, or kl̥̄-? :: to call, cry]   -- <reconoistre> recognize -- [Pokorny 2. g̑en-, g̑enə-, g̑nē-, g̑nō- :: to ken, know, recognize]   -- <recreant> exhausted, cowardly -- [Pokorny 2. k̑er-, k̑erə-, k̑rē- :: to grow, increase]   -- <redoter> be afraid, fear -- [Pokorny du̯ō(u) :: two, duo]   -- <refaire> repair -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <regal> royal, of the king -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <regem> king -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <regne> kingdom, country -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <reine, raine, roine> queen -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <relef> remains, scraps -- [Pokorny leiku̯- :: to leave, relinquish]   -- <remanoir> stay, remain, resist -- [Pokorny 5. men- :: to stay, remain, stand still]   -- <Renart> Renart -- <Rencesvals> Roncevaux -- <rendre> give, return -- <Renier> Renier -- <Renier de Trit> Renier de Trit -- <renoier, renier> abjure, deny -- [Pokorny 1. nĕ, nē, nei :: (negative particle: no, etc.)]   -- <requerre> ask, beseech -- <resort> restriction, remedy, defense -- [Pokorny 4. ser- :: to insert, line up, put/bind together]   -- <resovenir> remember -- <respondre> answer -- [Pokorny spend- :: to offer a libation]   -- <retor, retorn> return -- [Pokorny terk-, trek-, tork-, trok- :: to torque, turn]   -- <reveler> revolt -- <reveler> reveal, make known -- [Pokorny u̯eg- :: to bind, weave]   -- <ré, rei, rez> stake -- <riche> powerful, strong, generous -- <rien> anything -- <rien, ren> thing, creature, person -- <roi> king -- [Pokorny 1. reg̑- :: to regulate, make just/right; king, reign]   -- <Rollant> Roland -- <Rome> Rome -- <rompre> break, burst -- [Pokorny 2. reu-, reu̯ə- : rū̆- :: to open, tear out, dig/rip up, etc.]   -- <rose> rose -- <rover> ask, call upon, order -- <rue> street, village -- [Pokorny reu̯ə- : rū- :: to ream, open; wide, roomy]   -- <saige, saive> clever, educated -- [Pokorny sāg- :: to seek, track, trail]   -- <saint> holy -- [Pokorny sak- :: to sacrifice, sanctify, make a treaty]   -- <saluer> salute, greet -- [Pokorny solo-, sol(e)u̯o- :: whole, well-kept, salubrious]   -- <sanc> blood -- <sanglent> bloody -- <Sansun> Sansun -- <santé> health, well-being -- [Pokorny sāno-s :: sane, healthy?]   -- <Saraguce> Saragossa -- <Satan> Satan -- <savoir> know -- [Pokorny sap-, sab- :: to taste, savvy, perceive]   -- <se> if -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <se> he -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <se coucher> lie down -- [Pokorny 2. keu-, keu̯ə- :: to bend]   -- <se dementer> lament -- [Pokorny 3. men- :: to think; mind, spiritual activity]   -- <se departir> leave, go away -- <se faire> be -- [Pokorny 2. dhē- :: to do, put, place, set]   -- <se haster, se hasteier> hasten -- <se pasmer> faint, swoon -- <se reposer> rest -- [Pokorny apo-, pō̆, ap-u, pu :: off, out of, away from]   -- <secorer> go to the help of -- <seignor> lord -- <sempres, sempre> always, immediately -- [Pokorny 2. sem- :: one, some, together]   -- <sen, sens> direction, sense -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense]   -- <sentier> path -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense]   -- <sentir> smell, feel -- [Pokorny sent- :: to send, go, choose direction; to sense]   -- <seoir> sit, be seated -- [Pokorny sed- :: to sit, set, settle]   -- <serre> prison -- <servant> servant -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <servir> serve -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <servise> devotion, favor, task -- [Pokorny 2. ser- :: to serve, guard, protect, shelter]   -- <set> seven -- [Pokorny septm̥ :: seven]   -- <seur> sure -- <seur, soure, sur, sor> on, over, to, above -- [Pokorny su̯esor- :: sister]   -- <si> yet -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <si> if -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <si> and, and thus -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <si> so, and moreover -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <si> thus, that way, that much -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <siecle, secle, seule> earthly life, world -- [Pokorny 2. sē(i)- : səi- : sī-, sē- : sə-, and sei- : si- :: to sow, dispatch, disseminate, let fall]   -- <sol> alone -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <soloir> be accustomed -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <som, some> sleep -- [Pokorny 1. su̯ep-, sup- :: to sleep]   -- <son> his -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <sos, soz> under -- [Pokorny se- :: self, one's own]   -- <sostenir> sustain, support -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <sovent> frequently, often -- <sovent> many -- <Stanemac> Stanemac -- <suner, soner> sound, utter -- [Pokorny su̯en- :: to sound, resound]   -- <sus, suz> up, above -- [Pokorny upér, upéri :: over, above]   -- <table> game -- [Pokorny 2. tel-, telə-, telu- :: flat (board, ground)]   -- <table> table -- [Pokorny 2. tel-, telə-, telu- :: flat (board, ground)]   -- <tant> so, so much -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tantost> immediately -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <tel> such -- [Pokorny 1. to-, tā-, ti̯o- :: that, him (neut. or non-nom. demonstrative stem)]   -- <temple> temple, forehead -- <tendrement> tenderly -- [Pokorny 2. ter-, teru- :: weak, feeble, tender, fragile]   -- <tenir> hold, keep, seize, consider -- [Pokorny 1. ten-, tend- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <tens, tans> time, weather -- [Pokorny temp- :: to span, stretch, extend]   -- <terme> term, period, period of time -- [Pokorny 4. ter-, terə- : tr̥̄-, trā-, teru- :: to cross, get over, etc.]   -- <termine> period of time -- [Pokorny 4. ter-, terə- : tr̥̄-, trā-, teru- :: to cross, get over, etc.]   -- <terre> land, country, earth -- [Pokorny ters- :: to toast, dry; thirst]   -- <teste> head -- [Pokorny tek̑þ- :: to plait]   -- <Theophile> Theophile -- <Tiercelin> Tiercelin -- <tirer> pull -- <tolir> take off, cut off -- [Pokorny 1. tel-, telə-, tlē(i)-, tlā- :: to bear, carry; weigh, lift up]   -- <ton> your -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you]   -- <tor> tower -- <torner> turn, return -- [Pokorny terk-, trek-, tork-, trok- :: to torque, turn]   -- <tornoier> whirl around, tourney -- [Pokorny terk-, trek-, tork-, trok- :: to torque, turn]   -- <tort> mistake -- [Pokorny terk-, trek-, tork-, trok- :: to torque, turn]   -- <tost> soon, immediately, quickly -- <tot> entirely -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce]   -- <tot> whole -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce]   -- <tot> all, every, completely -- [Pokorny tēu-, təu-, teu̯ə-, tu̯ō-, tū̆- :: to swell, intumesce]   -- <trair> betray -- [Pokorny dō- : də-, also dō-u- : dəu- : du- :: to give, donate]   -- <trembler> tremble -- [Pokorny trem-, trems- :: to shake, tremble; to stomp, trample]   -- <trenchier> cut -- <trente et quatre> thirty four -- [Pokorny trei- :: three, trio]   -- <tres> much, very -- <tres> ... -- <trespasser> pass, cross, go by -- [Pokorny 1. pet-, pet-, petə- :: to stretch out (esp. arms)]   -- <tresprendre> overcome completely -- [Pokorny 2a. per- :: to pass over/beyond]   -- <tresqu', trusqu'> up to, until -- [Pokorny ū̆d- :: out, away, up(wards)]   -- <Tristan> Tristan -- <tristece> sadness, horror -- [Pokorny treisti-, or trīsti- :: sulky, moody, stubborn]   -- <trois> three -- [Pokorny trei- :: three, trio]   -- <trop> too much, extremely, excessively -- <trover> find -- <tu> you -- [Pokorny tū̆ :: thou, you]   -- <ui, ue, oi> today -- <un> a -- [Pokorny 3. e-, ei-, i-, fem. ī- :: (demonstrative particle: one, this, etc.)]   -- <vain> weak, empty -- [Pokorny 1. eu-, euə- : u̯ā-, u̯ə- :: to lack, want; empty, vacant]   -- <veer> refuse, forbid -- <veie> road -- [Pokorny 3. u̯ei-, u̯eiə- : u̯ī- :: to wish, pursue, go for, reach towards; strong, violent]   -- <veintre> vanquish, conquer, overcome -- [Pokorny 2. u̯eik- :: force, energy (in battle, victory, etc.)]   -- <venir> come, go -- [Pokorny gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to come, go]   -- <venue> arrival -- [Pokorny gu̯ā-, gu̯em- :: to come, go]   -- <veoir> see -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know]   -- <verai> real, true -- [Pokorny 11. u̯er-, u̯erə- :: to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy]   -- <vergier> orchard, garden -- <vers> towards -- [Pokorny 3h. u̯er-, u̯er-t- :: to turn, wind, invert]   -- <vert> green -- [Pokorny 1. u̯eis- :: to grow, sprout]   -- <vertu> might, power, strength -- [Pokorny u̯ī̆ro-s :: man, warrior]   -- <vieil, veil> old -- <vilain> ugly, bad -- [Pokorny 8. u̯es- :: to buy, sell, exchange]   -- <vin> wine -- [Pokorny 1. u̯ei-, u̯ei̯ə- : u̯ī̆- :: to bend, turn, wind]   -- <virge> virgin -- [Pokorny 2. u̯eis- :: to bend, turn]   -- <virginitét> spiritual purity, christian purity -- [Pokorny 2. u̯eis- :: to bend, turn]   -- <viseter> visit, observe -- [Pokorny 2. u̯(e)id- :: to vide, see, wit, know]   -- <.VIXX.> six times twenty, one hundred and twenty -- <voir> true -- [Pokorny 11. u̯er-, u̯erə- :: to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy]   -- <voir> truly, indeed -- [Pokorny 11. u̯er-, u̯erə- :: to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy]   -- <voirement> really -- [Pokorny 11. u̯er-, u̯erə- :: to show friendship; true, very, veracious, trustworthy]   -- <vois, voiz> noise, word, voice -- [Pokorny u̯eku̯- :: to voice, speak, evoke]   -- <voler> fly -- <voloir> want -- [Pokorny 2. u̯el-, u̯lei-, u̯lē(i)- :: to will, want, wish, choose]   -- <vos> you -- [Pokorny 1. i̯u- :: you (plural)]   -- <vostre> your -- [Pokorny 1. i̯u- :: you (plural)]   -- <vuit, vuide> empty -- [Pokorny u̯eidh-, u̯idh- :: to divide, separate; widow]   -- <.XV.> fifteen -- <.XX.> twenty -- <.XXX.> thirty -- <Yvain> Yvain --
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