Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. ais- 'to respect, worship, be in awe'
Semantic Field(s): to Worship
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ār | n.str.fem | glory, honor; kindness | GED |
| ārian | vb | to honor, endow, protect | IEW | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | ēre | n.str.fem | glory, honor | GED |
| Dutch: | eer | n | glory, honor | ASD |
| Old Saxon: | ēra | n.str.fem | glory, honor | GED |
| Old High German: | ēra | n.str.fem | glory, honor | GED |
| ērēn, ērōn | vb | to honor, endow | IEW | |
| Middle High German: | ēre | n.fem | glory, honor | ASD |
| German: | Ehre | n.fem | glory, honor | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | Eir | prop.n | (name of) medicine goddess | IEW |
| eira | vb | to spare, protect | IEW | |
| æra | n | glory, honor | ASD | |
| Old Icelandic: | eir | n.str.fem | grace, generosity | GED |
| eirð | n.str.fem | mercy | GED | |
| Danish: | äre | n | glory, honor | ASD |
| Swedish: | ära | n | glory, honor | ASD |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | *aistan | vb.wk.III | to fear, respect | GED |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | αἴδομαι | vb | to fear, respect | GED/IEW |
| αἰδώς | n | respect | GED/IEW | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | īṭṭe | vb | to venerate | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| III | = | class 3 |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
