Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: anət- 'duck, solan'
Semantic Field(s): Duck
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | æned | n | duck | IEW |
| Middle English: | soland | n | solan | AHD |
| English: | solan | n | gannet | AHD |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | eend | n | duck | TLL |
| Old Saxon: | anad | n | duck | IEW |
| Old High German: | anut, enit | n | duck | IEW |
| German: | Ente | n.fem | duck | IEW |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | sūla | n | gannet-duck | AHD |
| Old Icelandic: | ǫnd | n | duck | IEW |
| Danish: | and | n | duck | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | anas, anatis | n.fem | duck | IEW |
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Prussian: | antis | n | duck | IEW |
| Lithuanian: | ántis | n | duck | IEW |
| Slavic | ||||
| Russian: | ut' | n | duck | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Doric: | νᾶσσα | n | duck | LRC |
| Greek: | νῆττα | n | duck | LRC |
| Iranian | ||||
| Ossetic: | acc | n | wild duck | LRC |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | ātí- | n | waterfowl | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |