Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 10. au̯(e)-, au̯ē(i)-, u̯ē- 'to vent, blow'
Semantic Field(s): to Blow
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) | 
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Breton: | guent | n | wind | GED | 
| Welsh: | gwynt | n | wind | GED | 
| English | ||||
| Old English: | wāwan | vb.wk | to blow | GED | 
| weder | n.neut | weather; wind, storm | W7 | |
| wind | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
| windwian | vb.wk | to fan, winnow | GED | |
| Middle English: | ventail | n | ventail | W7 | 
| venten | vb | to vent | W7 | |
| weder | n | weather | W7 | |
| wind, wynd | n | wind | CDC | |
| winewen | vb | to winnow | W7 | |
| English: | vent | vb.trans | to provide outlet/passage | AHD/W7 | 
| ventail | n | lower movable front of medieval helmet | AHD/W7 | |
| ventilate | vb.trans | to expose, discuss/examine/investigate freely/openly | AHD/W7 | |
| weather | n | state of atmosphere (w.r.t. heat/cold, calm/storm, wetness/dryness) | AHD/W7 | |
| Weathertop | prop.n | windy hill in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| wind | n | air in natural motion | CDC | |
| Windfola | prop.n | Eowyn's horse in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| Windlord | prop.n | eagle a.k.a. Gwaihir in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| winnow | vb | to sift/remove/separate via air current | IEW | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | wāia | vb.wk | to blow | GED | 
| weder | n.neut | weather, condition | ASD | |
| wind | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
| Middle Dutch: | wāien | vb.wk | to blow | GED | 
| Dutch: | weer | n | weather | TLL | 
| wind | n | wind | CDC | |
| Old Saxon: | wedar | n.neut | storm, weather | ASD | 
| wind | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
| Middle Low German: | weien | vb.wk | to blow | GED | 
| Low German: | wind | n | wind | CDC | 
| Old High German: | wadal | n.masc | winnowing fan/basket | GED | 
| wāen | vb.wk | to blow | GED | |
| wājan | vb | to blow, breathe | ASD | |
| wanna | n.fem | fan | GED | |
| wedil | n.masc | winnowing fan/basket | GED | |
| wetar | n.neut | weather, condition | ASD/W7 | |
| wint | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
| winta | n.str.fem | winnowing shovel | GED | |
| wintōn | vb.wk | to winnow | GED | |
| wint-scūvala | n.str.fem | winnowing shovel | GED | |
| German: | wehen | vb | to blow | CDC | 
| Wetter | n.neut | weather | LRC | |
| Wind | n.masc | wind | CDC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Icelandic: | vindr | n.str.masc | wind | GED | 
| Icelandic: | veðr | n.neut | weather, condition | ASD | 
| vindr | n.masc | wind | ASD | |
| Danish: | vejr | n | weather | TLL | 
| vind | n | wind | CDC | |
| Old Swedish: | vīa | vb.wk | to blow | GED | 
| Swedish: | vind | n | wind | CDC | 
| väder | n | weather | TLL | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | *dis-winþjan | vb.wk.I | to crush | GED | 
| *waian | vb.str.VII | to blow | GED | |
| winds, winþs | n.masc | wind | CDC/GED | |
| Crimean Gothic: | *wintch, vvintch | n.str.masc | wind | CGo/GED | 
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | vannus | n.fem | winnowing fan/basket | GED | 
| ventilābrum | n.neut | winnowing shovel | GED | |
| ventilātus | vb.ptc | vented | W7 | |
| ventilō, ventilāre | vb | to vent, fan, winnow | GED | |
| ventulus | n.masc.dim | light wind | W7 | |
| ventus | n.masc | wind | GED | |
| Middle French: | esventer | vb | to expose to air | W7 | 
| vent | n.masc | wind | W7 | |
| ventaille | n.fem | wind | W7 | |
| French: | vent | n.masc | wind | W7 | 
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Prussian: | wetro | n | wind | GED | 
| Lithuanian: | vėjas | n | wind | GED | 
| vėtỹklė | n | winnowing shovel | GED | |
| vėtyti | vb | to winnow | GED | |
| vėtra | n | storm | GED | |
| Latvian: | vẽjš | n | wind | GED | 
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Slavic: | vetrŭ | n | wind | W7 | 
| Old Church Slavonic: | větrъ | n | storm | GED | 
| vějati | vb | to blow | GED | |
| Russian: | vieiate | vb | to blow | CDC | 
| victerŭ | n | wind | CDC | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ἄημα | n.neut | wind, gale, blast | GED/IEW | 
| αἵνω | vb | to winnow | GED | |
| ἀτμίς | n.fem | steam, vapor | LRC | |
| ἀυτμή | n | breath | GED/IEW | |
| ἄ(Ϝ)ησι | vb | to blow | GED | |
| Anatolian | ||||
| Hittite: | huu̯ai- | vb | to run, flee | GED | 
| huu̯ant- | n | wind | GED | |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | vāiti | vb | to blow | GED | 
| vātō | n | wind | GED | |
| vayuš | n | wind | GED | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | vā́tas | n | wind | GED | 
| vā́ti | vb | to blow | GED | |
| vā́nt- | vb.pres.ptc | blowing | GED | |
| vāyuṣ | n | wind | GED | |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B: | yente | n | wind | GED | 
| Tocharian A: | wänt | n | wind | GED | 
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I | = | class 1 | 
| VII | = | class 7 | 
| dim | = | diminutive | 
| fem | = | feminine (gender) | 
| masc | = | masculine (gender) | 
| n | = | noun | 
| neut | = | neuter (gender) | 
| pres | = | present (tense) | 
| prop | = | proper | 
| ptc | = | participle | 
| str | = | strong (inflection) | 
| trans | = | transitive | 
| vb | = | verb | 
| wk | = | weak (inflection) | 
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) | 
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) | 
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) | 
| CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) | 
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) | 
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) | 
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin | 
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) | 
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |