Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 10. au̯(e)-, au̯ē(i)-, u̯ē- 'to vent, blow'
Semantic Field(s): to Blow
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Breton: | guent | n | wind | GED |
Welsh: | gwynt | n | wind | GED |
English | ||||
Old English: | wāwan | vb.wk | to blow | GED |
weder | n.neut | weather; wind, storm | W7 | |
wind | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
windwian | vb.wk | to fan, winnow | GED | |
Middle English: | ventail | n | ventail | W7 |
venten | vb | to vent | W7 | |
weder | n | weather | W7 | |
wind, wynd | n | wind | CDC | |
winewen | vb | to winnow | W7 | |
English: | vent | vb.trans | to provide outlet/passage | AHD/W7 |
ventail | n | lower movable front of medieval helmet | AHD/W7 | |
ventilate | vb.trans | to expose, discuss/examine/investigate freely/openly | AHD/W7 | |
weather | n | state of atmosphere (w.r.t. heat/cold, calm/storm, wetness/dryness) | AHD/W7 | |
Weathertop | prop.n | windy hill in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
wind | n | air in natural motion | CDC | |
Windfola | prop.n | Eowyn's horse in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
Windlord | prop.n | eagle a.k.a. Gwaihir in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
winnow | vb | to sift/remove/separate via air current | IEW | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | wāia | vb.wk | to blow | GED |
weder | n.neut | weather, condition | ASD | |
wind | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
Middle Dutch: | wāien | vb.wk | to blow | GED |
Dutch: | weer | n | weather | TLL |
wind | n | wind | CDC | |
Old Saxon: | wedar | n.neut | storm, weather | ASD |
wind | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
Middle Low German: | weien | vb.wk | to blow | GED |
Low German: | wind | n | wind | CDC |
Old High German: | wadal | n.masc | winnowing fan/basket | GED |
wāen | vb.wk | to blow | GED | |
wājan | vb | to blow, breathe | ASD | |
wanna | n.fem | fan | GED | |
wedil | n.masc | winnowing fan/basket | GED | |
wetar | n.neut | weather, condition | ASD/W7 | |
wint | n.str.masc | wind | GED | |
winta | n.str.fem | winnowing shovel | GED | |
wintōn | vb.wk | to winnow | GED | |
wint-scūvala | n.str.fem | winnowing shovel | GED | |
German: | wehen | vb | to blow | CDC |
Wetter | n.neut | weather | LRC | |
Wind | n.masc | wind | CDC | |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Icelandic: | vindr | n.str.masc | wind | GED |
Icelandic: | veðr | n.neut | weather, condition | ASD |
vindr | n.masc | wind | ASD | |
Danish: | vejr | n | weather | TLL |
vind | n | wind | CDC | |
Old Swedish: | vīa | vb.wk | to blow | GED |
Swedish: | vind | n | wind | CDC |
väder | n | weather | TLL | |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | *dis-winþjan | vb.wk.I | to crush | GED |
*waian | vb.str.VII | to blow | GED | |
winds, winþs | n.masc | wind | CDC/GED | |
Crimean Gothic: | *wintch, vvintch | n.str.masc | wind | CGo/GED |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | vannus | n.fem | winnowing fan/basket | GED |
ventilābrum | n.neut | winnowing shovel | GED | |
ventilātus | vb.ptc | vented | W7 | |
ventilō, ventilāre | vb | to vent, fan, winnow | GED | |
ventulus | n.masc.dim | light wind | W7 | |
ventus | n.masc | wind | GED | |
Middle French: | esventer | vb | to expose to air | W7 |
vent | n.masc | wind | W7 | |
ventaille | n.fem | wind | W7 | |
French: | vent | n.masc | wind | W7 |
Baltic | ||||
Old Prussian: | wetro | n | wind | GED |
Lithuanian: | vėjas | n | wind | GED |
vėtỹklė | n | winnowing shovel | GED | |
vėtyti | vb | to winnow | GED | |
vėtra | n | storm | GED | |
Latvian: | vẽjš | n | wind | GED |
Slavic | ||||
Old Slavic: | vetrŭ | n | wind | W7 |
Old Church Slavonic: | větrъ | n | storm | GED |
vějati | vb | to blow | GED | |
Russian: | vieiate | vb | to blow | CDC |
victerŭ | n | wind | CDC | |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | ἄημα | n.neut | wind, gale, blast | GED/IEW |
αἵνω | vb | to winnow | GED | |
ἀτμίς | n.fem | steam, vapor | LRC | |
ἀυτμή | n | breath | GED/IEW | |
ἄ(Ϝ)ησι | vb | to blow | GED | |
Anatolian | ||||
Hittite: | huu̯ai- | vb | to run, flee | GED |
huu̯ant- | n | wind | GED | |
Iranian | ||||
Avestan: | vāiti | vb | to blow | GED |
vātō | n | wind | GED | |
vayuš | n | wind | GED | |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | vā́tas | n | wind | GED |
vā́ti | vb | to blow | GED | |
vā́nt- | vb.pres.ptc | blowing | GED | |
vāyuṣ | n | wind | GED | |
Tocharian | ||||
Tocharian B: | yente | n | wind | GED |
Tocharian A: | wänt | n | wind | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
I | = | class 1 |
VII | = | class 7 |
dim | = | diminutive |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
pres | = | present (tense) |
prop | = | proper |
ptc | = | participle |
str | = | strong (inflection) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |