Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: bhasko- 'heap, bundle, fascicle'
Semantic Field(s): Whole, Much, Many
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Middle Irish: | basc | n | necklace | W7 |
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | fesse | n | fess | W7 |
| English: | fajita | n | marinated/cooked skirt steak in tortilla | AHD |
| fasces | n.pl | symbolic bundle of rods with ax | AHD/W7 | |
| fascia | n | flat horizontal band on building | AHD/W7 | |
| fascicle | n | small bundle | AHD/W7 | |
| fascinate | vb | to enchant, bewitch, cast spells | AHD/W7 | |
| fascine | n | bundle of sticks (used to fill ditches) | AHD/W7 | |
| fascism | n | principles held by Fascists | AHD/W7 | |
| fess(e) | n | band, broad horizontal heraldic bar | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Faschismus | n.masc | fascism | LRC |
| faszinierend | adj | fascinating | LRC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | fascia | n.fem | band, bandage | W7 |
| fasciculus | n.masc.dim | fascicle | W7 | |
| fascino, fascināre, fascinātus | vb | to fascinate | W7 | |
| fascinum | n.neut | witchcraft | W7 | |
| fascis | n.masc | fascine, faggot | LRC | |
| fascis | n.masc | bundle | W7 | |
| Spanish: | faja | n | belt, band, strip | AHD |
| American Spanish: | fajita | n.dim | fajita | AHD |
| Middle French: | faisse | n.fem | fess | W7 |
| French: | fascine | n.fem | fascine, faggot of brushwood | W7 |
| Italian: | fascia | n.fem | band, bandage | CID/W7 |
| fascio | n.masc | fasces, group | W7 | |
| fascismo | n.masc | fascism | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| dim | = | diminutive |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CID | = | Cassell's Italian Dictionary (1958) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
