Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: bhleu-(k-) 'to burn'
Semantic Field(s): to Burn, Scorch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | bǣl | n.neut | flame, funeral pyre | ASD/W7 |
| blȳsa, blisa | n.wk.masc | flame, torch | ASD/W7 | |
| blyscan, bliscan | vb | to blush | CDC/W7 | |
| *blysian | vb | to blush | CDC | |
| Middle English: | blus(s)hen, blyschen | vb | to blush | CDC/W7 |
| English: | blush | n | look, glance, glimpse; reddening of face | OED |
| blush | vb.intrans | to glow, redden (e.g. in face) | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle Dutch: | blosen | vb | to blush | CDC |
| Dutch: | blozen | vb | to blush | CDC |
| Middle Low German: | blos(ch)en | vb | to blush | CDC |
| blus | n | flame | CDC | |
| Low German: | bleusteren | vb | to glow, inflame, become red | OED |
| blüse | n | flame | CDC | |
| blüsen | vb | to set on fire | CDC | |
| blüsken | vb | to blush | CDC | |
| Old High German: | bluhhen | vb | to burn brightly | W7 |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | bāl | n.neut | flame, funeral pyre | ASD |
| blys | n.neut | torch, flame, blaze | OED | |
| Danish: | blus | n | torch | CDC |
| blusse | vb | to blaze, blush | CDC | |
| Swedish: | bloss | n | torch | CDC |
| blossa | vb | to blaze | CDC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| intrans | = | intransitive |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| OED | = | James A.H. Murray et al: The Oxford English Dictionary (1933) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
