Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. del- 'to tell, count, calculate'
Semantic Field(s): Account, Reckoning
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | getæl | adj | quick, ready | W7 |
| talu | n | tale | W7 | |
| tellan | vb.wk | to tell | ASD/W7 | |
| Middle English: | tale | n | tale | W7 |
| talken | vb | to talk | W7 | |
| tall | adj | tall | W7 | |
| tellen | vb | to tell | W7 | |
| English: | dolerite | n | coarse basalts | AHD/W7 |
| sedulous | adj | assiduous, diligent in pursuit/application | AHD/W7 | |
| tale | n | talk, discourse | AHD/W7 | |
| talk | vb | to utter, express/deliver in speech | AHD/W7 | |
| tall | adj | brave/courageous | AHD/W7 | |
| tell, told | vb | to count, tally, enumerate | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | tale | n.fem | tale, (legal) case | ASD |
| tella | vb | to tell, state, recount, narrate | ASD | |
| Dutch: | tellen | vb | to tell | TLL |
| Old Saxon: | gēr-tala | n.fem | tale, talk, story, account | ASD |
| tellian | vb | to tell, state, recount, narrate | ASD | |
| Old High German: | gizal | adj | quick | W7 |
| zala | n.fem | number, series, computation, enumeration | ASD | |
| zellen | vb | to tell, count | W7 | |
| German: | erzälen | vb | to tell: relate | LRC |
| zählen | vb | to tell: count | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | tal | n.neut | list, enumeration; conversation | LRC |
| tala(ð) | vb | to talk, speak; (recip.) discuss, converse | LRC | |
| telja, talða | vb | to tell, reckon; trace; recount; declare | LRC | |
| Icelandic: | tala | n.fem | tale, talk, number | ASD |
| telja | vb | to tell, state, recount, narrate | ASD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | dolus | n.masc | guile, deceit | W7 |
| sedulō | adv | sincerely, diligently | W7 | |
| sedulus | adj | sincere, diligent | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | δόλιος | adj | deceitful, deceiving | LRC |
| δόλος | n.masc | bait, trick, deceit | LRC | |
| Greek: | doleros | adj | deceitful | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
