Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. der- : dōr-, der-, or dōr- : dər- 'hand span'
Semantic Field(s): Hand
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | dorn | n | fist | RPN |
| -durni | vb | to strike with fist(s) | RPN | |
| Breton: | dourn | n | hand | RPN |
| Welsh: | dwrn | n | fist | RPN |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | tēona | n | wrong, injury | RPN |
| tēonian | vb | to irritate | RPN | |
| tīenan | vb | to annoy, irritate | RPN | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | tiono | n.masc | wrong, evil | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Icelandic: | tjón | n | loss, damage | RPN |
| týna | vb | to lose, destroy | RPN | |
| týnast | vb.refl | to perish | RPN | |
| týning | n | destruction | RPN | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Latvian: | dùre | n | fist | RPN |
| dûris | n | fist | RPN | |
| duŕu, dũru, dur̃t | vb | to sting, thrust | RPN | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | δῶρον | n.neut | gift | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| refl | = | reflexive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
