Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 3. dhē-, dhə- 'to disappear, pass away'
Semantic Field(s): to Depart, Go Away, to Die; Dead; Death
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | ded- | vb | to dwindle | RPN |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | demm | n | damage, injury, loss, misfortune | RPN |
| Middle English: | dasen | vb | to daze | IEW |
| famishen | vb | to famish | W7 | |
| English: | daze | vb | to stun, deaden, benumb | IEW |
| famine | n | enduring period of widespread hunger | LRC | |
| famish | vb | to (cause to) starve, suffer from hunger | LRC | |
| fatigue | n | weariness, exhaustion | W7 | |
| fatigue | vb | to tire, weary | W7 | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Icelandic: | dasaðr | adj | weary, exhausted (from cold/exertion) | RPN |
| dasast | vb | to become weary/exhausted | RPN | |
| dási | adj | sluggard, lazy fellow | RPN | |
| Swedish: | dasa | vb | to lie idle | RPN |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | famēs | n.fem | hunger, famine | RPN |
| fatīgo, fatīgare | vb | to fatigue | RPN | |
| Portuguese: | fome | n | hunger, famine | TLL |
| Spanish: | hambre | n.fem | hunger, famine | TLL |
| French: | faim | n.fem | hunger, famine | TLL |
| Italian: | fame | n.fem | hunger, famine | TLL |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
