Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 3. dhē-, dhə- 'to disappear, pass away'
Semantic Field(s): to Depart, Go Away, to Die; Dead; Death
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | ded- | vb | to dwindle | RPN |
English | ||||
Old English: | demm | n | damage, injury, loss, misfortune | RPN |
Middle English: | dasen | vb | to daze | IEW |
famishen | vb | to famish | W7 | |
English: | daze | vb | to stun, deaden, benumb | IEW |
famine | n | enduring period of widespread hunger | LRC | |
famish | vb | to (cause to) starve, suffer from hunger | LRC | |
fatigue | n | weariness, exhaustion | W7 | |
fatigue | vb | to tire, weary | W7 | |
North Germanic | ||||
Old Icelandic: | dasaðr | adj | weary, exhausted (from cold/exertion) | RPN |
dasast | vb | to become weary/exhausted | RPN | |
dási | adj | sluggard, lazy fellow | RPN | |
Swedish: | dasa | vb | to lie idle | RPN |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | famēs | n.fem | hunger, famine | RPN |
fatīgo, fatīgare | vb | to fatigue | RPN | |
Portuguese: | fome | n | hunger, famine | TLL |
Spanish: | hambre | n.fem | hunger, famine | TLL |
French: | faim | n.fem | hunger, famine | TLL |
Italian: | fame | n.fem | hunger, famine | TLL |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |