Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dhegu̯h- 'to burn'
Semantic Field(s): to Burn, Scorch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | daig | n | fire | GED |
| dega | n.gen | fire | GED | |
| Middle Irish: | daig | n | fire | RPN |
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | fomenten | vb | to foment | W7 |
| English: | febrile | adj | feverish | LRC |
| fever | n | high body temperature (indicating illness) | LRC | |
| foment | vb.trans | to bathe with warm water/medicated liquid | AHD/W7 | |
| fomite | n | pathogen-carrying object | AHD | |
| tephra | n | solids ejected into air by erupting volcano | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Fieber | n.neut | fever | TLL |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | feber | n | fever | TLL |
| Swedish: | feber | n | fever | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | favīlla | n.fem | embers, hot ashes | GED |
| febrilis | adj | febrile | LRC | |
| febris | n | fever | RPN | |
| fomentum | n.neut | fomentation | W7 | |
| foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum | vb | to favor, cherish, warm up | GED | |
| Late Latin: | fomento, fomentāre | vb | to prepare, conspire | W7 |
| Portuguese: | febre | n | fever | TLL |
| Spanish: | fiebre | n | fever | TLL |
| French: | fièvre | n | fever | TLL |
| Italian: | febbre | n | fever | TLL |
| Baltic | ||||
| Old Prussian: | dagis | n | summer | GED |
| Lithuanian: | dãgas, dagà | n | heat, sultry harvest time | GED |
| degù, dègti | vb | to burn | RPN | |
| Latvian: | dęgu | vb | to burn | GED |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | žegǫ, žešti | vb | to burn, ignite | RPN |
| Albanian | ||||
| Albanian: | djeg | vb | to burn up | GED |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Ionic: | τέφρη | n | (burning) ashes | RPN |
| Greek: | τέφρα | n | ashes, tephra | GED |
| Iranian | ||||
| Avestan: | dažaiti | vb | to burn | RPN |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | dáhati | vb | to burn, consume by fire | GED |
| dāhas | n | heat, burning | GED | |
| ni-dāghás | n | heat, summer | GED | |
| Pali: | dahati | vb | to burn, roast | RPN |
| dahana- | n | fire, burning | RPN | |
| Hindi: | dahnā | vb | to burn, be burnt | RPN |
| Sindhi: | da(h)o | n | sun, strong light of fire | RPN |
| Tocharian | ||||
| Tocharian B: | tsäk- | vb | to burn (up) | RPN |
| Tocharian A: | tsāk- | vb | to shine, give light | RPN |
| tsäk- | vb | to burn | GED | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| gen | = | genitive (case) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |