Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dhegu̯h- 'to burn'
Semantic Field(s): to Burn, Scorch
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Celtic | ||||
Old Irish: | daig | n | fire | GED |
dega | n.gen | fire | GED | |
Middle Irish: | daig | n | fire | RPN |
English | ||||
Middle English: | fomenten | vb | to foment | W7 |
English: | febrile | adj | feverish | LRC |
fever | n | high body temperature (indicating illness) | LRC | |
foment | vb.trans | to bathe with warm water/medicated liquid | AHD/W7 | |
fomite | n | pathogen-carrying object | AHD | |
tephra | n | solids ejected into air by erupting volcano | AHD | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Fieber | n.neut | fever | TLL |
North Germanic | ||||
Danish: | feber | n | fever | TLL |
Swedish: | feber | n | fever | TLL |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | favīlla | n.fem | embers, hot ashes | GED |
febrilis | adj | febrile | LRC | |
febris | n | fever | RPN | |
fomentum | n.neut | fomentation | W7 | |
foveō, fovēre, fōvī, fōtum | vb | to favor, cherish, warm up | GED | |
Late Latin: | fomento, fomentāre | vb | to prepare, conspire | W7 |
Portuguese: | febre | n | fever | TLL |
Spanish: | fiebre | n | fever | TLL |
French: | fièvre | n | fever | TLL |
Italian: | febbre | n | fever | TLL |
Baltic | ||||
Old Prussian: | dagis | n | summer | GED |
Lithuanian: | dãgas, dagà | n | heat, sultry harvest time | GED |
degù, dègti | vb | to burn | RPN | |
Latvian: | dęgu | vb | to burn | GED |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | žegǫ, žešti | vb | to burn, ignite | RPN |
Albanian | ||||
Albanian: | djeg | vb | to burn up | GED |
Hellenic | ||||
Ionic: | τέφρη | n | (burning) ashes | RPN |
Greek: | τέφρα | n | ashes, tephra | GED |
Iranian | ||||
Avestan: | dažaiti | vb | to burn | RPN |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | dáhati | vb | to burn, consume by fire | GED |
dāhas | n | heat, burning | GED | |
ni-dāghás | n | heat, summer | GED | |
Pali: | dahati | vb | to burn, roast | RPN |
dahana- | n | fire, burning | RPN | |
Hindi: | dahnā | vb | to burn, be burnt | RPN |
Sindhi: | da(h)o | n | sun, strong light of fire | RPN |
Tocharian | ||||
Tocharian B: | tsäk- | vb | to burn (up) | RPN |
Tocharian A: | tsāk- | vb | to shine, give light | RPN |
tsäk- | vb | to burn | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
gen | = | genitive (case) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
trans | = | transitive |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |