Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dhembh-, dhm̥bh- 'to dig'
Semantic Field(s): to Dig, Delve
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | epitaphe | n | epitaph | W7 |
| English: | cenotaph | n | tomb/monument honoring person buried elsewhere | AHD/W7 |
| epitaph | n | inscription on/at tomb/grave in memory of one buried there | AHD/W7 | |
| taphonomy | n | study of fossilization | AHD/CDC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | cenotaphium | n.neut | cenotaph | W7 |
| epitaphium | n.neut | funeral oration | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | epitaphium | n.neut | epitaph | W7 |
| Middle French: | epitaphe | n.fem | epitaph | W7 |
| French: | cénotaphe | n.masc | cenotaph | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | epitaphion | n.neut | epitaph | W7 |
| θάπτω | vb | to bury, provide funeral rites | RPN | |
| kenotaphion | n.neut | cenotaph | W7 | |
| ταφή | n | grave, burial, burial-place | RPN | |
| τάφος | n | burying; burial; tomb | RPN | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | damban | n | grave, tomb | RPN |
| dambaran | n | grave, tomb | RPN | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
