Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dhēs-, dhəs- '(used in religious terms)'
Semantic Field(s): Religion
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | feire | n | fair | W7 |
feste | n | feast | W7 | |
festival | adj | festival | W7 | |
Panteon | n | pantheon, a temple at Rome | W7 | |
prophane | adj | profane | W7 | |
English: | apotheosis | n | deification, elevation to divine status | AHD/W7 |
atheism | n | disbelief in existence of deity | AHD/W7 | |
Dorothy | prop.n | female given name | AHD | |
enthusiasm | n | belief in Holy Spirit revelations | AHD/W7 | |
fair | n | gathering of buyers/sellers at particular place/time | AHD/W7 | |
fanatic | adj | marked by excessive enthusiasm, intense uncritical devotion | AHD/W7 | |
feast | n | banquet, elaborate meal (usu. with entertainment) | AHD/W7 | |
feria | n | day without church feast | AHD/W7 | |
-fest | n.sfx | festival | AHD/W7 | |
festal | adj | festive | AHD/W7 | |
festival | adj | festive, re: feast | AHD/W7 | |
festival | n | feast, party, celebration | AHD/W7 | |
festive | adj | re: feast/festival | AHD/W7 | |
festoon | n | decorative chain/strip suspended between two points | AHD/W7 | |
fete | n | festival | AHD/W7 | |
fiesta | n | festival | AHD/W7 | |
henotheism | n | worshipping one god without denying existence of others | AHD/W7 | |
Oktoberfest | prop.n | autumn festival emphasizing merrymaking and beer-drinking | AHD | |
pantheism | n | doctrine equating God with laws/forces of universe | W7 | |
pantheon | n | temple dedicated to all gods | AHD/W7 | |
polytheism | n | belief in/worship of multiple gods | AHD/W7 | |
profane | adj | secular, not concerned with religion/religious purposes | AHD/W7 | |
Timothy | prop.n | male given name | LRC | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Fest | n.neut | feast, holiday, festival | W7 |
Henotheismus | n | henotheism | W7 | |
Oktoberfest | prop.n.neut | Oktoberfest | AHD | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | fanaticus | adj | frenzied, fanatic, inspired by deity | W7 |
fanum | n.neut | temple | W7 | |
feriae | n.fem.pl | holidays, festal days | W7 | |
festivus | adj | festive | W7 | |
festum | n.neut | feast, festival | W7 | |
festus | adj | festal, solemn | W7 | |
Pantheon | n.neut | pantheon, grouping of all gods | W7 | |
profanus | adj | profane, outside the temple | W7 | |
Timotheus | n.masc | Timothy | W7 | |
Late Latin: | apotheōsis | n | apotheosis | AHD |
feria | n.fem | festal day | W7 | |
Medieval Latin: | feria | n.fem | fair, weekday | W7 |
New Latin: | atheismus | n | atheism | CDC |
Portuguese: | atheismo | n | atheism | CDC |
festa | n | feast, festival | TLL | |
Spanish: | ateismo | n | atheism | CDC |
fiesta | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
Old French: | feire | n.fem | fair | W7 |
feste | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
Middle French: | athée | adj/n.masc | atheist | W7 |
athéisme | n.masc | atheism | W7 | |
festival | n.masc | festival | W7 | |
prophane | adj | profane, outside the temple | W7 | |
French: | athéisme | n | atheism | CDC |
feston | n.masc | festal decoration | W7 | |
fête | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
polythéisme | n.masc | polytheism | W7 | |
Italian: | ateismo | n | atheism | CDC |
festa | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
festone | n.masc | festoon | W7 | |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | atheos | adj | godless | W7 |
apotheoun | vb | to deify | W7 | |
apotheōsis | n.fem | deification | W7 | |
entheos | adj | inspired | W7 | |
enthousiazein | vb | to be inspired | W7 | |
enthousiasmos | n.masc | divine inspiration | W7 | |
theos | n.masc | god | W7 | |
pantheion | n.neut | temple of all gods | W7 | |
pantheios | adj | re: all gods | W7 | |
polytheos | adj | re: many gods | W7 | |
Timotheos | n.masc | Timothy | W7 | |
Late Greek: | polytheos | adj | polytheistic | W7 |
Armenian | ||||
Armenian: | dik' | n.pl | gods | HH/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
neut | = | neuter (gender) |
pl | = | plural (number) |
prop | = | proper |
sfx | = | suffix |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
HH | = | Heinrich Hübschmann: Armenische Grammatik (1897) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |