Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: dhēs-, dhəs- '(used in religious terms)'
Semantic Field(s): Religion
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | feire | n | fair | W7 |
| feste | n | feast | W7 | |
| festival | adj | festival | W7 | |
| Panteon | n | pantheon, a temple at Rome | W7 | |
| prophane | adj | profane | W7 | |
| English: | apotheosis | n | deification, elevation to divine status | AHD/W7 |
| atheism | n | disbelief in existence of deity | AHD/W7 | |
| Dorothy | prop.n | female given name | AHD | |
| enthusiasm | n | belief in Holy Spirit revelations | AHD/W7 | |
| fair | n | gathering of buyers/sellers at particular place/time | AHD/W7 | |
| fanatic | adj | marked by excessive enthusiasm, intense uncritical devotion | AHD/W7 | |
| feast | n | banquet, elaborate meal (usu. with entertainment) | AHD/W7 | |
| feria | n | day without church feast | AHD/W7 | |
| -fest | n.sfx | festival | AHD/W7 | |
| festal | adj | festive | AHD/W7 | |
| festival | adj | festive, re: feast | AHD/W7 | |
| festival | n | feast, party, celebration | AHD/W7 | |
| festive | adj | re: feast/festival | AHD/W7 | |
| festoon | n | decorative chain/strip suspended between two points | AHD/W7 | |
| fete | n | festival | AHD/W7 | |
| fiesta | n | festival | AHD/W7 | |
| henotheism | n | worshipping one god without denying existence of others | AHD/W7 | |
| Oktoberfest | prop.n | autumn festival emphasizing merrymaking and beer-drinking | AHD | |
| pantheism | n | doctrine equating God with laws/forces of universe | W7 | |
| pantheon | n | temple dedicated to all gods | AHD/W7 | |
| polytheism | n | belief in/worship of multiple gods | AHD/W7 | |
| profane | adj | secular, not concerned with religion/religious purposes | AHD/W7 | |
| Timothy | prop.n | male given name | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Fest | n.neut | feast, holiday, festival | W7 |
| Henotheismus | n | henotheism | W7 | |
| Oktoberfest | prop.n.neut | Oktoberfest | AHD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | fanaticus | adj | frenzied, fanatic, inspired by deity | W7 |
| fanum | n.neut | temple | W7 | |
| feriae | n.fem.pl | holidays, festal days | W7 | |
| festivus | adj | festive | W7 | |
| festum | n.neut | feast, festival | W7 | |
| festus | adj | festal, solemn | W7 | |
| Pantheon | n.neut | pantheon, grouping of all gods | W7 | |
| profanus | adj | profane, outside the temple | W7 | |
| Timotheus | n.masc | Timothy | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | apotheōsis | n | apotheosis | AHD |
| feria | n.fem | festal day | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | feria | n.fem | fair, weekday | W7 |
| New Latin: | atheismus | n | atheism | CDC |
| Portuguese: | atheismo | n | atheism | CDC |
| festa | n | feast, festival | TLL | |
| Spanish: | ateismo | n | atheism | CDC |
| fiesta | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
| Old French: | feire | n.fem | fair | W7 |
| feste | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
| Middle French: | athée | adj/n.masc | atheist | W7 |
| athéisme | n.masc | atheism | W7 | |
| festival | n.masc | festival | W7 | |
| prophane | adj | profane, outside the temple | W7 | |
| French: | athéisme | n | atheism | CDC |
| feston | n.masc | festal decoration | W7 | |
| fête | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
| polythéisme | n.masc | polytheism | W7 | |
| Italian: | ateismo | n | atheism | CDC |
| festa | n.fem | feast, festival | W7 | |
| festone | n.masc | festoon | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | atheos | adj | godless | W7 |
| apotheoun | vb | to deify | W7 | |
| apotheōsis | n.fem | deification | W7 | |
| entheos | adj | inspired | W7 | |
| enthousiazein | vb | to be inspired | W7 | |
| enthousiasmos | n.masc | divine inspiration | W7 | |
| theos | n.masc | god | W7 | |
| pantheion | n.neut | temple of all gods | W7 | |
| pantheios | adj | re: all gods | W7 | |
| polytheos | adj | re: many gods | W7 | |
| Timotheos | n.masc | Timothy | W7 | |
| Late Greek: | polytheos | adj | polytheistic | W7 |
| Armenian | ||||
| Armenian: | dik' | n.pl | gods | HH/W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| HH | = | Heinrich Hübschmann: Armenische Grammatik (1897) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |