Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ēg̑-, ōg̑-, əg̑- 'to say, speak'
Semantic Field(s): to Say, to Speak, Talk
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | adage | n | (metaphorical) saying embodying common observation | AHD/W7 |
| prodigy | n | omen, portent, portentous event | AHD/W7 | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | adagium | n.neut | adage, proverb | W7 |
| -agium | n.sfx | I say | W7 | |
| āio | vb.defc | to affirm, say yes | CLD/W7 | |
| prodigium | n.neut | prodigy; monster | W7 | |
| Old French: | adage | n | adage, proverb | AHD |
| Middle French: | adage | n.masc | adage, proverb | W7 |
| French: | adage | n.masc | adage, proverb | AHD |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ē | vb.3.sg.pret | he spoke | W7 |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian: | asem | vb | to say | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 3 | = | 3rd person |
| defc | = | defective |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pret | = | preterite (tense) |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
