Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: eg̑-, eg̑(h)om, eg̑ō   'ego, I (pronoun)'

Semantic Field(s): Human Being

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: ic pron.1.sg I LRC
Middle English: I pron.1.sg I W7
English: ego n self (vs. another) AHD/W7
egoist n believer in egoism AHD
egotism n excessive use of 'I/my' AHD/W7
I pron.1.sg (re:) self AHD/W7
idiotism n excessive use of 'I/my' AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Old Frisian: ik pron.1.sg I GED
Dutch: ik pron.1.sg I TLL
Old Saxon: ic, ik pron.1.sg I ASD/GED
Old High German: ih(ha) pron.1.sg I GED
German: ich pron.1.sg I ASD
North Germanic  
Runic: ek(a) pron.1.sg I GED
-ga pron.1.sg I GED
Old Icelandic: ek pron.1.sg I GED
Icelandic: ek pron.1.sg I ASD
Danish: jeg pron.1.sg I ASD
Swedish: jag pron.1.sg I ASD
East Germanic  
Gothic: ik pron.1.sg I GED
Crimean Gothic: ich pron.1.sg I CGo
Italic  
Venetic: eχo pron.1.sg I GED
Latin: ego pron.1.sg I LRC
Italian: io pron.1.sg I TLL
Baltic  
Old Prussian: as, es pron.1.sg I GED
Old Lithuanian: eš pron.1.sg I GED
Lithuanian: àš pron.1.sg I LRC
Latvian: es pron.1.sg I LRC
Slavic  
Old Church Slavonic: (j)azъ pron.1.sg I LRC
Russian: ya pron.1.sg I TLL
Hellenic  
Greek: ἐγώ pron.1.sg I LRC
Anatolian  
Hittite: uk, uga pron.1.sg I GED
Armenian  
Classical Armenian: es pron.1.sg I LRC
Iranian  
Old Persian: adam pron.1.sg I GED
Avestan: azem pron.1.sg I GED
Indic  
Sanskrit: ahám pron.1.sg I GED
Tocharian  
Tocharian A: ñuk pron.1.sg I GED

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
n=noun
pron=pronoun
sg=singular (number)
1=1st person

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
CGo=MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978)
GED=Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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