Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: eg̑-, eg̑(h)om, eg̑ō 'ego, I (pronoun)'
Semantic Field(s): Human Being
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | ic | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Middle English: | I | pron.1.sg | I | W7 |
English: | ego | n | self (vs. another) | AHD/W7 |
egoist | n | believer in egoism | AHD | |
egotism | n | excessive use of 'I/my' | AHD/W7 | |
I | pron.1.sg | (re:) self | AHD/W7 | |
idiotism | n | excessive use of 'I/my' | AHD/W7 | |
West Germanic | ||||
Old Frisian: | ik | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Dutch: | ik | pron.1.sg | I | TLL |
Old Saxon: | ic, ik | pron.1.sg | I | ASD/GED |
Old High German: | ih(ha) | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
German: | ich | pron.1.sg | I | ASD |
North Germanic | ||||
Runic: | ek(a) | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
-ga | pron.1.sg | I | GED | |
Old Icelandic: | ek | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Icelandic: | ek | pron.1.sg | I | ASD |
Danish: | jeg | pron.1.sg | I | ASD |
Swedish: | jag | pron.1.sg | I | ASD |
East Germanic | ||||
Gothic: | ik | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Crimean Gothic: | ich | pron.1.sg | I | CGo |
Italic | ||||
Venetic: | eχo | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Latin: | ego | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Italian: | io | pron.1.sg | I | TLL |
Baltic | ||||
Old Prussian: | as, es | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Old Lithuanian: | eš | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Lithuanian: | àš | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Latvian: | es | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | (j)azъ | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Russian: | ya | pron.1.sg | I | TLL |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | ἐγώ | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Anatolian | ||||
Hittite: | uk, uga | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Armenian | ||||
Classical Armenian: | es | pron.1.sg | I | LRC |
Iranian | ||||
Old Persian: | adam | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Avestan: | azem | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Indic | ||||
Sanskrit: | ahám | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Tocharian | ||||
Tocharian A: | ñuk | pron.1.sg | I | GED |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
1 | = | 1st person |
n | = | noun |
pron | = | pronoun |
sg | = | singular (number) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
CGo | = | MacDonald Stearns, Jr: Crimean Gothic (1978) |
GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |