Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: en(o)mn̥-, (o)nomn̥, nōmn̥ 'name'
Semantic Field(s): Name
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Shelta: | munik | n | name, moniker | AHD |
| English | ||||
| Old English: | nama | n.wk.masc | name | LRC |
| nemn(i)an, nemde, nemed | vb.wk.I | to name, call | ASD | |
| Middle English: | misnoumer | n | misnomer | W7 |
| name | n | name | W7 | |
| nominalle | adj | nominal | W7 | |
| nowne | n | noun | W7 | |
| pronom | n | pronoun | W7 | |
| renown | n | renown | W7 | |
| English: | acronym | n | word formed by first letters of name | AHD |
| agnomen | n | additional honorific cognomen | AHD/W7 | |
| allonym | n | another name assumed by author | AHD/W7 | |
| anonymous | adj | having/giving no name | AHD/W7 | |
| antonomasia | n | substitution of title/epithet for name | AHD | |
| binomial | n | two mathematical terms connected by +/- sign | AHD/W7 | |
| cognomen | n | surname | AHD/W7 | |
| denominate | vb.trans | to designate, give name to | AHD/W7 | |
| eponym | n | person for whom thing is (supposedly) named | AHD/W7 | |
| eponymous | adj | re: eponym | AHD | |
| euonymus | n | evergreen shrub/vine/small tree of staff tree family | AHD/W7 | |
| homonymous | adj | ambiguous, having same name | AHD/W7 | |
| ignominy | n | deep personal disgrace/humiliation | AHD/W7 | |
| matronymic, metronymic | adj/n | (re:) maternal ancestor's name | AHD | |
| metonymy | n | figure of speech: use of one thing's name for another | AHD/W7 | |
| misnomer | n | misnaming of person in legal document | AHD/W7 | |
| moni(c)ker | n.sl | personal name/nickname | AHD | |
| name | n | distinctive designation of person/thing | AHD/W7 | |
| Nameless | prop.n | a.k.a. Sauron in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| nominal | adj | re: word/expression taking noun construction | AHD/W7 | |
| nominate | vb.trans | to name, designate | AHD/W7 | |
| noun | n | word referring to person/place/thing | AHD/W7 | |
| onomastic | adj | re: name(s) | AHD/W7 | |
| -onym | n.sfx | name, word | AHD/W7 | |
| paronomasia | n | pun, play on words | AHD/W7 | |
| paronymous | adj | conjugate | AHD/W7 | |
| patronymic | adj/n | (re:) paternal ancestor's name | AHD/W7 | |
| praenomen | n | first name (usu. of three) of ancient Roman | AHD/W7 | |
| pronoun | n | short word used as substitute for noun | AHD/W7 | |
| pseudonym | n | fictitious name | AHD/W7 | |
| renown | n | fame, being widely acclaimed/highly honored | AHD/W7 | |
| synonym | n | word having same/similar meaning | LRC | |
| synonymous | adj | having same/similar meaning | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | noma | n | name | ASD |
| Dutch: | naam | n | name | LRC |
| Old Saxon: | namo | n | name | ASD |
| nemnian | vb | to name, call | ASD | |
| Old High German: | namo | n | name | W7 |
| nemnian | vb | to name, call | ASD | |
| German: | Name | n.masc | name | LRC |
| Nomen | n.neut | noun | LRC | |
| Pronomen | n.neut | pronoun | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | nafn | n.neut | name | LRC |
| Icelandic: | nafn | n | name | ASD |
| nefna | vb | to name, call | ASD | |
| Danish: | navn | n | name | LRC |
| Swedish: | namn | n | name | LRC |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | namnjan | vb | to name, call | ASD |
| namō | n.wk.neut | name | LRC | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | agnomen | n.neut | additional honorific name | W7 |
| agnosco, agnoscere, agnōvi, agnītum | vb | to recognize, know again | AHD/CLD | |
| antonomasia | n | antonomasia | AHD | |
| binominis | adj | having two names | W7 | |
| cognomen | n.neut | nickname | W7 | |
| denomino, denominare, denominavi, denominatus | vb | to name | W7 | |
| euonymos | n.fem | spindle tree | W7 | |
| homonymus | adj | having the same name | W7 | |
| ignominia | n.fem | ignominy | W7 | |
| ignoro, ignorāre | vb | to be ignorant of, ignore | W7 | |
| metonymia | n.fem | metonymy | W7 | |
| nomen, nominis | n.neut | name, repute | LRC | |
| nominalis | adj | of a name | W7 | |
| nōmino, nōminare, nōnināvī, nōminātus | vb | to name | W7 | |
| paronomasia | n.fem | paronomasia | W7 | |
| praenomen, praenominis | n.neut | first name | W7 | |
| pronomen, pronominis | n.neut | pronoun | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | anōnymus | adj | anonymous | AHD |
| patronymicum | n.neut | patronymic, name of father | W7 | |
| patronymicus | adj | patronymic | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | binomium | n.neut | binome, having two names | W7 |
| binomius | adj | having two names | W7 | |
| nominalis | adj | nominal, in name | W7 | |
| New Latin: | binomium | n.neut | binomial | W7 |
| euonymus | adj | well-named | W7 | |
| Old French: | nom | n.masc | noun, name | W7 |
| nomer | vb | to name | W7 | |
| renomer | vb | to celebrate | W7 | |
| renon | n.masc | glory, renown | W7 | |
| Anglo-French: | noun | n.masc | name, noun | W7 |
| Middle French: | ignominie | n.fem | ignominy | W7 |
| mesnommer | vb | to misname | W7 | |
| nommer | vb | to name | W7 | |
| French: | allonyme | adj | allonym, bearing another name | W7 |
| -onyme | n.sfx | name | W7 | |
| pseudonyme | n.masc | pseudonym, false name | W7 | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | imę | n.neut | name | LRC |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | antonomazein | vb | to name instead | AHD |
| anōnymos | adj | without a name | W7 | |
| ἐπωνυμία | n.fem | name, designation | LRC | |
| epōnymos | adj | eponymous | W7 | |
| euōnymos | adj | having an auspicious name | W7 | |
| metōnymia | n.fem | metonymy | W7 | |
| homōnymos | adj | having the same name | W7 | |
| ὄνομα | n.neut | name | LRC | |
| ὀνομάζειν | vb | to speak of by name; to name | LRC | |
| ὀνομασία | n.fem | language | LRC | |
| onomastikos | adj | of names | W7 | |
| paronomazein | vb | to call with a slight change of name, to derive | W7 | |
| paronomasia | n.fem | paronomasia, making of words by slight change, derivation | W7 | |
| parōnymos | n.neut | paronymous | W7 | |
| patronymia | n.fem | patronymic | W7 | |
| patronymikos | adj | patronymic | W7 | |
| pseudōnymos | adj | bearing a false name | W7 | |
| -ōnymia | sfx | name | W7 | |
| -ōnymos | sfx | name | W7 | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian: | anun | n | name | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I | = | class 1 |
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| prop | = | proper |
| sfx | = | suffix |
| sl | = | slang |
| trans | = | transitive |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CLD | = | Cassell's Latin Dictionary (1959, rev. 1968) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
