Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 5. er-, erə-, thematic (e)r-ĕ- 'loose, crumbly'
Semantic Field(s): Weak, Infirm
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | eremite | n | hermit | W7 |
| rethina | n | retina | W7 | |
| English: | eremite | n | hermit, religious recluse | AHD/W7 |
| hermit | n | recluse, one who leaves society/lives in solitude | AHD/W7 | |
| ratite | adj | having flat breastbone | AHD/W7 | |
| reseau | n | photographed lines forming small standard squares | AHD/W7 | |
| rete | n | plexus, network of blood vessels/nerves | AHD/W7 | |
| retiary | adj | re: net/web | AHD | |
| reticle | n | lines/dots/wires/cross hairs in focus of optical eyepiece | AHD/W7 | |
| reticular | adj | netlike, re: net | AHD | |
| reticule | n | reticle | AHD/W7 | |
| retiform | adj | reticular, composed of interstices/crossing lines | AHD/W7 | |
| retina | n | sensory membrane of eye, connected to brain | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| German: | Eremit | n.masc | hermit | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | ratis | n.fem | raft | W7 |
| ratitus | adj/vb.ptc | marked with the figure of a raft | W7 | |
| rete | n.neut | net | W7 | |
| reticulum | n.neut | net | W7 | |
| Late Latin: | eremita | n.masc | hermit | W7 |
| Medieval Latin: | retina | n.fem | retina | W7 |
| New Latin: | retiformis | adj | net-shaped | W7 |
| Old French: | eremite | n.masc | hermit | W7 |
| rais | n.masc | net | W7 | |
| resel | n.masc | net, network | W7 | |
| French: | réseau | n.masc | net, network | W7 |
| réticule | n.masc | (hair) net, small handbag | W7 | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | rẽtas, retà | adj | rare | LRC |
| rėtis | n.masc | sieve | LD/W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | erēmia | n.fem | desert | W7 |
| erēmitēs | adj | living in the desert | W7 | |
| ἔρημος | adj/n.fem | solitary; desert | LRC | |
| Late Greek: | erēmitēs | n.masc | hermit | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| ptc | = | participle |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LD | = | Bronius Piesarskas and Bronius Svecevicius: Lithuanian Dictionary (1994) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
