Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: 1. erə-, rē-, er(e)-   'to row; oar'

Semantic Field(s): to Row, Oar

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
English  
Old English: rōðer n.neut rudder ASD/W7
rōwan vb.str to row ASD/W7
Middle English: rother n rudder W7
rowen vb to row W7
English: bireme n galley with 2 oar banks AHD/W7
remex n bird's primary/secondary quill feather AHD/W7
row vb to propel boat via oars AHD/W7
rudder n boat steering mechanism: flat wood/metal piece attached upright to stern AHD/W7
trierarch n trireme commander AHD/W7
trireme n galley with 3 oar banks AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Dutch: roer n rudder TLL
Old High German: ruodar n oar, rudder ASD
Middle High German: rüejen vb to row W7
German: Ruder n.neut rudder LRC
rudern vb to row LRC
North Germanic  
Icelandic: róa vb to row ASD
Danish: ror n rudder TLL
Swedish: roder n rudder TLL
Italic  
Latin: biremis adj with two oars W7
remex, remigis n.masc oarsman W7
rēmus n.masc oar W7
trierarchus n.masc trierarch W7
triremis adj trireme W7
Hellenic  
Greek: triērarchos n.masc trierarch W7
triērēs n.fem trireme W7

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
str=strong (inflection)
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

Nearby etymon:    previous   |   next


  • Linguistics Research Center

    University of Texas at Austin
    PCL 5.556
    Mailcode S5490
    Austin, Texas 78712
    512-471-4566

  • For comments and inquiries, or to report issues, please contact the Web Master at UTLRC@utexas.edu