Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. erə-, rē- 'to rest, be still'
Semantic Field(s): to Cease, Quiet (adj)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ærn, ræn, ren, ern | n.neut | house, dwelling | ASD/GED |
| ræsn | n.neut | beam, board | GED | |
| rest | n.fem | rest, quiet, freedom from toil | LRC | |
| restan | vb.wk | to rest, repose | ASD | |
| Middle English: | rest | n | rest | W7 |
| resten | vb | to rest, repose | LRC | |
| English: | rest | n | sleep, repose | W7 |
| rest | vb | to sleep, cease from toil | W7 | |
| unrest | n | turmoil, disturbed/uneasy state | W7 | |
| Zugunruhe | prop.n | migratory drive in animals | AHD | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | fīa-ern | n | animal barn | GED |
| resta | vb | to rest | ASD | |
| Old Saxon: | resta, rasta | n | couch, resting place | ASD |
| restian | vb | to rest | ASD | |
| Old High German: | rasta, resti | n | rest | ASD/W7 |
| restan | vb | to rest | ASD | |
| ruowa | n | rest, calm | W7 | |
| unruowa | n | unrest | AHD | |
| Middle High German: | ruowe | n | rest | AHD |
| unruowe | n | unrest | AHD | |
| German: | rasten | vb | to rest | LRC |
| Ruhe | n.fem | rest, calm, peace, quiet, stillness | LRC | |
| Unruhe | n.fem | unrest, disturbance | LRC | |
| Zugunruhe | n.fem | Zugunruhe | AHD | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | grend | n | neighborhood | KNW |
| Old Icelandic: | granni, granna | n.masc/fem | neighbor | GED |
| rann | n.neut | house, dwelling | GED | |
| Icelandic: | rann | n | house | ASD |
| röst | n | stage (in journey) | ASD | |
| Swedish: | gränd | n | lane | SAO |
| roa | vb | to rest; amuse oneself | TLL | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | *ga-razna | n.masc | neighbor | GED |
| *ga-razno | n.fem | neighbor | GED | |
| rasta | n | mile | ASD | |
| razn | n.neut | inn, house, lodging | GED | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | ἐρωή | n.fem | rest, respite | LRC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| prop | = | proper |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| SAO | = | Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
