Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: esu-s : su- 'good, able'
Semantic Field(s): Good
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | eu- | pfx | eu- | W7 |
English: | eu- | pfx | well, good, easily | AHD/W7 |
eucaryote, eukaryote | n | organism with complex cell structures | AHD | |
eupeptic | adj | re: good digestion | AHD/W7 | |
Euphrates | prop.n | river in SW Asia | AHD | |
euphuism | n | elegant Elizabethan literary style | AHD/W7 | |
nainsook | n | soft lightweight muslin | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | eu- | pfx | eu- | W7 |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | εὐαγγελίζομαι | vb.dep | to bring good news | LRC |
εὔ(ς) | adv/pfx | well, good | LRC | |
Anatolian | ||||
Hittite: | āssu- | adj | good, dear | W7 |
Indic | ||||
Hindi: | nainsukh | n | nainsook | W7 |
sukh | n | delight | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
adv | = | adverb(ial) |
dep | = | deponent |
n | = | noun |
pfx | = | prefix |
prop | = | proper |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |