Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: euk- 'to accustom oneself, be used to'
Semantic Field(s): Custom, Usage
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Celtic | ||||
| Old Irish: | to-ucc- | vb | to understand | GED |
| Scots Gaelic: | twig | vb.1.sg | I understand | W7 |
| English | ||||
| English: | twig | vb | to notice, observe | AHD/W7 |
| uxorial | adj | re: wife | AHD/W7 | |
| uxoricide | n | murder of wife by her husband | AHD/W7 | |
| uxorious | adj | excessively fond of/submissive to wife | AHD/W7 | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | bi-uhti | n.neut | custom | GED |
| bi-uhts | adj | accustomed | GED | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | uxor | n.fem | wife | W7 |
| uxorius | adj | uxorious, uxorial, of a wife | W7 | |
| Medieval Latin: | uxoricidium | n.neut | killing of a wife by her husband | W7 |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | jùnkti | vb | to become accustomed | GED |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | vyknǫti | vb | to become accustomed | GED |
| učenikъ | n.masc | student, disciple | LRC | |
| učitelь | n.masc | teacher | LRC | |
| učiti, učǫ, učiši | vb | to teach | LRC | |
| Armenian | ||||
| Classical Armenian: | usanim | vb | to learn, become accustomed to | LRC |
| Iranian | ||||
| Sogdian: | yǥwtčh | adj | accustomed | GED |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | úcyati | vb | to be accustomed (to) | GED |
| ókas | n | dwelling | GED | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | = | 1st person |
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| sg | = | singular (number) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
