Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: glōgh- : gləgh- 'barb, spike'
Semantic Field(s): Sharp, Branch
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | glose | n | gloss | W7 |
| English: | bugloss | n | rough-haired herb in genus Anchusa | AHD/W7 |
| diglossia | n | language division: prestigious vs. colloquial | AHD | |
| glochidium | n | barbed hair/spine (e.g. on cactus) | AHD/W7 | |
| gloss | n | brief explanation of obscure/difficult word/expression | AHD/W7 | |
| glossa | n | tongue/lingual structure in insect | AHD/W7 | |
| glossary | n | textual gloss collection | AHD/W7 | |
| glossolalia | n | fabricated nonmeaningful speech | AHD | |
| glottis | n | elongated space between vocal folds | AHD/W7 | |
| isogloss | n | boundary between places/regions differing in some linguistic feature | AHD/W7 | |
| polyglot | adj | re: speaking several languages | AHD/W7 | |
| polyglot | n | one who speaks several languages | AHD/W7 | |
| proglottid | n | bisexual segment of tapeworm | AHD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | glossa | n.fem | unusual word requiring explanation | W7 |
| New Latin: | glochidium | n.neut | mussel larva | W7 |
| glossa | n.fem | glossa | W7 | |
| Old French: | glose | n.fem | explanation of difficult word | W7 |
| Middle French: | buglosse | n.fem | bugloss | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Attic: | γλῶττα | n.fem | tongue; language | LRC |
| Greek: | γλῶσσα | n.fem | tongue; language | LRC |
| glōttis | n.fem | glottis | W7 | |
| glōchis | n.fem | projecting point | W7 | |
| polyglōttos | adj | polyglot | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
