Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ghe-, gho- '(enclitic (emphatic?) particle)'
Semantic Field(s): Word
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | encore | n | (demand by audience for) repetition/reappearance | AHD/W7 |
| Occitan | prop.n | Provençal: Romance language of Occitania | AHD | |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | sik | refl.pron | himself, herself, oneself | LRC |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | hic, haec, hoc | dem.pron | this, there | LRC |
| hodiē | adv | today | TLL | |
| Portuguese: | aqui | adv | here | TLL |
| hoje | adv | today | TLL | |
| Spanish: | aquí | adv | here | TLL |
| hoy | adv | today | TLL | |
| French: | encore | adv | more, again, encore | W7 |
| hui | adv | today | TLL | |
| Italian: | oggi | adv | today | TLL |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | γε | pcl | indeed | LRC |
| οὐχί | pcl | not | LRC | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| dem | = | demonstrative |
| n | = | noun |
| pcl | = | particle |
| pron | = | pronoun |
| prop | = | proper |
| refl | = | reflexive |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
