Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: gu̯ei̯ə- 'to prevail, overpower, be mighty'
Semantic Field(s): Strong, Mighty, Powerful
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | ācwencan | vb.wk | to quench | ASD/IEW |
| Middle English: | quenchen | vb | to quench | W7 |
| English: | Jain | prop.n | adherent of Jainism | LRC |
| Jainism | prop.n | Indic religion espousing soul's liberation via right faith/conduct/knowledge | W7 | |
| quench | vb | to extinguish, put out (fire/light) | IEW/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Middle Dutch: | (f)ir-quisten | vb.wk | to destroy | GED |
| quisten | vb.wk | to rub | GED | |
| Middle Low German: | quist | n.str.fem | torment | GED |
| Old High German: | quist | n.str.fem | torment | GED |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | quista | vb | to press | GED |
| East Germanic | ||||
| Gothic: | *fra-qistnan | vb.wk.IV | to perish, be destroyed | GED |
| qistjan | vb.wk.I | to destroy, subject to torment | GED | |
| Baltic | ||||
| Lithuanian: | gaĩšti | vb | to perish, disappear | GED |
| gèsti | vb | to expire, go out, be extinguished | GED | |
| Latvian: | dzièstu | vb | to expire, go out, be extinguished | GED |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | žasiti | vb | to be terrified | GED |
| u-gasiti | vb | to put out | GED | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | βίᾱ | n | strength | GED |
| βιά(ζ)ω | vb | to force, compel | GED | |
| βίαιος | adj | violent | LRC | |
| σβέννυμι | vb | to extinguish | GED | |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | jásate | vb | to be exhausted | GED |
| jināti | vb | to grow old; overpower | GED | |
| Jaina | n | adherent of Jainism | W7 | |
| Hindi: | Jain | n | adherent of Jainism | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| I | = | class 1 |
| IV | = | class 4 |
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| prop | = | proper |
| str | = | strong (inflection) |
| vb | = | verb |
| wk | = | weak (inflection) |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| GED | = | Winfred P. Lehmann: A Gothic Etymological Dictionary (1986) |
| IEW | = | Julius Pokorny: Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (1959) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
