Indo-European Lexicon

PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes

Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.

Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.

All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.

Pokorny Etymon: kagh- : kogh-   'to sew, plait, etc.'

Semantic Field(s): to Sew, to Plait

 

Indo-European Reflexes:

Family/Language Reflex(es) PoS/Gram. Gloss Source(s)
Celtic  
Cornish: kē n hedge, fence W7
English  
Old English: hæg n hedged land KEW
hægtesse n.fem hag, witch, fury
haga n.masc haw ASD/W7
hagaþorn n hawthorn W7
hecg, hege n.masc hedge, fence W7
Middle English: colyndore n colander W7
hagge n hag W7
hawe n haw W7
hawethorn n hawthorn W7
hegge n hedge W7
key n quay W7
English: cay n low reef/islet of coral/sand AHD/W7
colander n perforated utensil for food drainage AHD/W7
coulee n small stream AHD/W7
couloir n mountainside gorge (in Swiss Alps) AHD/W7
cullis n gutter in roof AHD/W7
hag n.arch hobgoblin, female demon, evil/frightening spirit W7
haggard adj not tamed AHD/W7
haw n hedge, copse; hawthorn berry AHD/W7
hawfinch n Eurasian finch with white/brown/black feathers AHD
hawthorn n spring-flowering spiny shrub AHD/W7
Haysend prop.n Buckland village in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings LRC
Hayward prop.n friend of Merry in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings LRC
hayward n sheriff in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings LRC
hedge n dense shrub/tree row forming fence/boundary AHD/W7
hex n jinx, spell, curse W7
hex vb to put hex on, practice witchcraft W7
inchoate adj incipient, being partly/recently/imperfectly formed/begun AHD/W7
key n cay AHD/W7
key n quay AHD/W7
percolate vb to filter, cause to pass through permeable substance AHD/W7
quay n paved/solid artificial bank beside navigable water for loading/unloading ships AHD/W7
West Germanic  
Dutch: kaai n quay TLL
Pennsylvania German: hexe vb to hex W7
Old High German: hag n hedge KDW
hagan n haw KDW
hagandorn n hawthorn KDW
hagzussa, hāzus n.fem hag, witch KDW
German: Hag n.masc hedge, fence, enclosure LRC
Hexe n.fem hag, witch, sorceress W7
hexen vb to hex, conjure, practice sorcery W7
Kai n quay TLL
North Germanic  
Old Norse: hagi n pasture, fenced field KNW
Danish: kaj n quay TLL
Swedish: kaj n quay TLL
Italic  
Latin: cohum n.neut strap fastening plow beam to yoke W7
colō, colāre, colāvī, colātus vb to sieve, filter W7
colō, colere vb to cultivate, inhabit, honor W7
colum n.neut sieve W7
incohatus, incohata, incohatum adj begun LRC
incohō, incohāre, inchoāvī, inchoātus vb to start, hitch up W7
percolo, percolare, percolavi, percolatus vb to decorate W7
Late Latin: colatorium n.neut mountainside gorge W7
Medieval Latin: colatorium n.neut filter-house W7
Spanish: cayo n.masc cay W7
Middle French: hagard adj drowsy W7
French: coulée n.fem a flow(ing), e.g. of lava W7
couler vb to flow, sink W7
coulisse n.fem groove, slide W7
couloir n.masc hallway W7
haie n haw: hedge TLL
Canadian French: coulée n.fem a flow(ing) W7
Old Provençal: colador n.masc colander, utensil used to sieve W7

 

Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:

Abbrev. Meaning
adj=adjective
arch=archaic
fem=feminine (gender)
masc=masculine (gender)
n=noun
neut=neuter (gender)
prop=proper
vb=verb

Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):

Code Citation
AHD=Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000)
ASD=Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898)
KDW=Gerhard Köbler: Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 4th ed. (1993)
KEW=Gerhard Köbler: Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
KNW=Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003)
LRC=Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin
TLL=Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944)
W7=Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963)

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