Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: kam-p- 'to bend'
Semantic Field(s): to Bend
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Middle English: | jambe | n | jamb | W7 |
| English: | campaign | n | operations toward a goal | TLL |
| campus | n | (school) grounds/buildings | W7 | |
| campylobacter | n | lit. twisted bacteria | AHD | |
| campylotropous | adj | re: curved ovule | AHD/W7 | |
| champion | n | final victor | TLL | |
| gam | n | leg | AHD/W7 | |
| gambado | n | horse's spring/gambol | AHD/W7 | |
| gambado | n | horseman's legging | AHD/W7 | |
| gambit | n | chess opening: player risks minor pieces for position | AHD/W7 | |
| gambol | n | prank, playful skipping/leaping about | AHD/W7 | |
| gambrel | n | device for suspending slaughtered animals | AHD/W7 | |
| gammon | n | ham, flitch of cured bacon | AHD/W7 | |
| jamb | n | upright piece/surface forming side of opening | AHD/W7 | |
| scampi | n | shrimp broiled/sauteed in garlic/butter sauce | AHD | |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | campus, campi | n.masc | plain, campus, open field | LRC |
| Late Latin: | camba | n.fem | act of tripping someone | W7 |
| gamba | n.fem | (animal) leg | W7 | |
| Spanish: | campeón | n | champion | TLL |
| Old North French: | gambe | n.fem | leg | W7 |
| gamberel | n.masc | gambrel | W7 | |
| gambon | n.masc | ham | W7 | |
| Middle French: | gambade | n.fem | gambado, horse's spring | W7 |
| jambe | n.fem | leg | W7 | |
| French: | champion | n | champion | TLL |
| gambade | n.fem | gambado, horse's spring | W7 | |
| gambe | n.fem.arch | leg | W7 | |
| Old Provençal: | camba | n.fem | leg | W7 |
| Italian: | gamba | n.fem | (animal) leg | W7 |
| gambale | n.masc | boot-tree | W7 | |
| gambetto | n.masc | kick, act of tripping | W7 | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Homeric Greek: | καμπύλος | adj | bent, curved | LRC |
| Greek: | ἀνακάμπτω | vb | to return | LRC |
| kampē | n.fem | bend | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| arch | = | archaic |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
