Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. kar-, karə- 'to glorify, praise aloud'
Semantic Field(s): Fame, Glory, Praise (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | brēme, brȳme | adj | famous, renowned, glorious | ASD |
| hrēþ | n | glory | W7 | |
| Northumbrian: | brōeme | adj | famous, renowned, glorious | ASD |
| Middle English: | brem(e) | adj | glorious, passionate; wild, fierce, violent | MEV |
| brem(e)ly | adv | fiercely, violently, exceedingly | MEV | |
| English: | caduceus | n | symbolic staff of herald | AHD/W7 |
| kerygma | n | apostolic preaching: Jesus is Christ | AHD/W7 | |
| rummer | n | large tall drinking glass | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | roemer | n | rummer | W7 |
| German: | Römer | n | rummer | W7 |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | hróðr(s) | n.masc | praise, encomium | LRC |
| Icelandic: | hróðr | n | praise, fame | ASD |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | caduceus | n.masc | herald's staff | W7 |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | karyx | n.masc | herald | W7 |
| kērygma | n.neut | announcement, proclamation | W7 | |
| kēryx | n.masc | herald | W7 | |
| kēryssein | vb | to proclaim | W7 | |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| adv | = | adverb(ial) |
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| MEV | = | J.R.R. Tolkien: A Middle English Vocabulary (1922) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
