Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: ked- 'to smoke'
Semantic Field(s): Smoke (n)
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| English: | cedar | n | evergreen needle-leaved conifer | LRC |
| citron | n | lemon-like tree/fruit with thick zesty rind | W7 | |
| citrus | n | tree/fruit of rue family (e.g. orange) | W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Dutch: | citroen | n | lemon, citron | TLL |
| German: | Zitrone | n | lemon, citron | TLL |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Danish: | citron | n | lemon, citron | TLL |
| Swedish: | citron | n | lemon, citron | TLL |
| Italic | ||||
| Latin: | cedrus | n | cedar | LRC |
| citrus | n | citrus | LRC | |
| Slavic | ||||
| Old Church Slavonic: | kaditi | vb | to burn (incense) | RPN |
| Russian: | kadilo | n | censer | RPN |
| čad | n | fumes, smoke | RPN | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | κέδρος | n.fem | cedar | LRC |
| Indic | ||||
| Sanskrit: | kádru-ḥ | adj | reddish brown | RPN |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| RPN | = | Allan R. Bomhard: Reconstructing Proto-Nostratic (2002) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
