Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. k̑em- 'hornless (normally horned) animal'
Semantic Field(s): Animal
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hind | n | hind | KEW |
| hind-berie | n | raspberry | KEW | |
| Middle English: | hind | n | hind | W7 |
| scant | adj | scant | W7 | |
| English: | hind | n | female red deer | AHD/W7 |
| hindberry | n.arch | raspberry | LRC | |
| scant | adj | parsimonious, excessively frugal | AHD/W7 | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Saxon: | hind-beri | n | raspberry | KSW |
| Old High German: | hinta | n | hind | W7 |
| hint-peri | n | raspberry | LRC | |
| German: | Himbeere | n | raspberry | TLL |
| Hinde | n | hind | LRC | |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | hind | n.fem | hind | KNW |
| skammr, skamt | adj | short | W7 | |
| Danish: | hindbær | n | raspberry | TLL |
| Swedish: | hind | n | hind | SAO |
| hindbär | n | raspberry | SAO | |
| Hellenic | ||||
| Greek: | κεμάς | n.fem | hind, young deer, young doe | LS |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| adj | = | adjective |
| arch | = | archaic |
| fem | = | feminine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
| KEW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| KNW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altnordisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed. (2003) |
| KSW | = | Gerhard Köbler: Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed. (2000) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
| LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
| SAO | = | Swedish Academy: Svenska Akademiens Ordbok (2011) |
| TLL | = | Frederick Bodmer: The Loom of Language (1944) |
| W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |
