Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 3. ken- 'to begin, be born, come forth anew; young, recent'
Semantic Field(s): to Begin; Beginning, Young
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
English: | cainotophobia | n | abnormal fear of novelty | AHD |
-cene | adj | recent | AHD/W7 | |
kainite | n | natural salt: hydrous sulfate, chloride of magnesium, potassium | AHD/W7 | |
recency | n | being recent | W7 | |
recent | adj | new, re: time not long past | AHD/W7 | |
recently | adv | anew, afresh, in recent times | LRC | |
West Germanic | ||||
German: | Kainit | n | kainite | W7 |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | recens, recentis | adj | fresh, recent | W7 |
Middle French: | récent | adj | recent | W7 |
Slavic | ||||
Old Church Slavonic: | načęti, načьnǫ, načьneši | vb | to begin | LRC |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | καινός | adj | fresh, recent | LS |
καινότης | n.fem | newness, freshness, novelty, recency | LS |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
adj | = | adjective |
adv | = | adverb(ial) |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
LS | = | Liddell and Scott: Greek-English Lexicon, 7th-9th ed's (1882-1940), rev. |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |