Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 4. ken- 'to strain, strive eagerly'
Semantic Field(s): Work, Labor
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Old English: | dēacon | n | deacon | W7 |
Middle English: | dekene | n | deacon | W7 |
English: | conation | n | striving, conscious desire/volition/behavioral tendency | AHD/W7 |
deacon | n | subordinate officer in Christian church | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | conatio, conationis | n.fem | act of attempting | W7 |
conatus, conatūs | n.masc | effort, exertion | W7 | |
cōnor, cōnari, cōnatus | vb.dep | to aim, attempt, strive for | LRC | |
Late Latin: | diaconus | n.masc | deacon | W7 |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | diakonos | n.masc | servant, deacon | W7 |
enkonein | vb | to be active | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
dep | = | deponent |
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |