Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 1. k̑er(s)- 'bristle, stiff hair'
Indo-European Reflexes:
| Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| English | ||||
| Old English: | hǣr, hēr | n.neut | hair | ASD |
| Middle English: | heer, her(e) | n | hair | CDC |
| English: | hair | n | fine filament(s) covering skin of most mammals | CDC |
| Harfoots | prop.n.pl | hobbit clan in Tolkien: The Lord of the Rings | LRC | |
| West Germanic | ||||
| Old Frisian: | hēr | n | hair | ASD |
| Dutch: | haar | n | hair | CDC |
| Old Saxon: | hār | n | hair | CDC |
| Old High German: | hār | n | hair | CDC |
| German: | Haar | n.neut | hair | ASD |
| North Germanic | ||||
| Old Norse: | Hár | prop.n.masc | Har, Greyhair | LRC |
| hár | n.masc | hair | CDC | |
| Icelandic: | her | n | hair | ASD |
| Danish: | haar | n | hair | CDC |
| Swedish: | hår | n | hair | CDC |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
| Abbrev. | Meaning | |
|---|---|---|
| masc | = | masculine (gender) |
| n | = | noun |
| neut | = | neuter (gender) |
| pl | = | plural (number) |
| prop | = | proper |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
| Code | Citation | |
|---|---|---|
| ASD | = | Joseph Bosworth and T. Northcote Toller: An Anglo-Saxon Dictionary (1898) |
| CDC | = | W.D. Whitney and B.E. Smith: The Century Dictionary and Cyclopedia (1889-1911) |
| LRC | = | Linguistics Research Center, University of Texas, Austin |
