Indo-European Lexicon
PIE Etymon and IE Reflexes
Below we display: a Proto-Indo-European (PIE) etymon adapted from Pokorny, with our own English gloss; our Semantic Field assignment(s) for the etymon, linked to information about the field(s); an optional Comment; and Reflexes (derived words) in various Indo-European languages, organized by family/group in west-to-east order where Germanic is split into West/North/East families and English, our language of primary emphasis, is artificially separated from West Germanic. IE Reflexes appear most often as single words with any optional letter(s) enclosed in parentheses; but alternative full spellings are separated by '/' and "principal parts" appear in a standard order (e.g. masculine, feminine, and neuter forms) separated by commas.
Reflexes are annotated with: Part-of-Speech and/or other Grammatical feature(s); a short Gloss which, especially for modern English reflexes, may be confined to the oldest sense; and some Source citation(s) with 'LRC' always understood as editor. Keys to PoS/Gram feature abbreviations and Source codes appear below the reflexes; at the end are links to the previous/next etyma [in Pokorny's alphabetic order] that have reflexes.
All reflex pages are currently under active construction; as time goes on, corrections may be made and/or more etyma & reflexes may be added.
Pokorny Etymon: 2. k̑leu- : *k̑lō[u]- : k̑lū- 'to clean, rinse, swill'
Semantic Field(s): Pure, Clean, to Wash
Indo-European Reflexes:
Family/Language | Reflex(es) | PoS/Gram. | Gloss | Source(s) |
---|---|---|---|---|
English | ||||
Middle English: | clyster | n | clyster | W7 |
English: | cataclysm | n | flood, deluge | AHD/W7 |
cloaca | n | sewer | AHD/W7 | |
clyster | n | enema | AHD/W7 | |
Italic | ||||
Latin: | cataclysmos | n.masc | cataclysm | W7 |
cloaca | n.fem | drain, marsh | W7 | |
clystēr | n.masc | clyster; syringe | W7 | |
Middle French: | clistère | n.masc | clyster; syringe | W7 |
French: | cataclysme | n.masc | cataclysm | W7 |
Hellenic | ||||
Greek: | kataklyzein | vb | to inundate | W7 |
kataklysmos | n.masc | cataclysm | W7 | |
klyzein | vb | to wash | W7 | |
klystēr | n.masc | clyster; syringe | W7 |
Key to Part-of-Speech/Grammatical feature abbreviations:
Abbrev. | Meaning | |
---|---|---|
fem | = | feminine (gender) |
masc | = | masculine (gender) |
n | = | noun |
vb | = | verb |
Key to information Source codes (always with 'LRC' as editor):
Code | Citation | |
---|---|---|
AHD | = | Calvert Watkins: The American Heritage Dictionary of Indo-European Roots, 2nd ed. (2000) |
W7 | = | Webster's Seventh New Collegiate Dictionary (1963) |